Lab Report 6 Outline for PHYS 2108

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Louisiana State University *

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2108

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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1 Name: Date 10/12/2023 Partners: PHYS 2108 Section: 13 Lab Title: Conservation of Linear Momentum Lab Report 6 Prelab (2 points) Purpose Executing different collision situations to understand the conservation of linear momentum Procedure (Please keep under ½ page) Two photogates are placed about 20 cm or more apart. Using LoggerPro to collect all the data from the dynamic carts traveling through the photogates for each situation. Cart 1 will be pushed towards gate 1 measuring the speeds of cart 1 and cart 2 before and after the collision. This trial is repeated twice, one without the steel weight and one with the steel weight. Inelastic collision was tested by reversing a cart (so the nonmagnetic side faces the opposite cart). For the explosion trial, the projectile cart should have the non-Velcro nonmagnetic side facing the target cart. The carts should be against each other with their flags between the photogates. For the wrap-up situation, the target cart is removed and only the projectile cart moves down the track with approximately the same speed used in the collision experiments. Then the masses of the projectile cart with the flag, target cart with flag, and steel weight. During Lab (Findings) Analysis (17 points) Please attach Data Table 1-5 and Analysis 1-4 after this page. Data Table 1: Recorded Speeds Elastic Collisions V 1 (projectile) Before V 1 (projectile) After V 2 (target) After M 1(projectile) = M 2(target) 0.415 0.000 0.400 M1 (projectile) < M 2(target) 0.760 0.000 0.451 M 1(projectile) > 0.876 0.352 0.984

2 M 2(target) Inelastic Collision V 1 (projectile) Before V 1 (projectile) After V 2 (target) After M 1 (projectile) = M 2 (target) 0.766 0.000 0.420 Explosion V 1 (rearward half) After V 2 (forward half) After Each Piece ≈ Equal 0.356 -0.293 Wrap-Up V 1 (projectile) in Gate 1 V 1 (projectile) in Gate 2 M 1 (projectile) by itself 0.569 0.566 Data Table 2: Recorded Masses Projectile Cart (M 1 ) .493kg Magnetic Target Cart (M 2 ) .516kg Added Steel Weight 0.499kg Data Table 3: Momenta & Kinetic Enegries of Each Cart Momentum of Each Cart (kg m/s) Kinetic Energy of Each Cart (J) Elastic Collisions P 1 (projectile) Before P 1 (projectile) After P 2 (Target) After KE 1(projectile) Before KE 1(projectile) After KE 2(target) After M 1(projctile) = M 2(target) 0.206kgm/s 0.000 0.206kgm/s 0.0424 0.000 0.0413 M 1(projectile) < M 2(target) 0.376kgm/s 0.000 0.458kgm/s 0.142 0.000 0.103 M 1(projectile) > M 2(target) 0.869kgm/s 0.349kgm/s 0.508kgm/s 0.381 0.0615 0.241 Inelastic Collision P 1(projectile) Before P 1(projectile) After P 2(Target) After KE 1(Projectiile) Before KE 1(projectile) After KE 2(target) After M 1(projectile) = M 2(target) 0.377kgm/s 0.000 0.217kgm/s 0.144 0 0.0455 Explosion P 1(rearward half) Before P 2(forward half) After KE 1(rearward Half) After KE 2(forward half) After `Each Piece ≈ Equal 0.175kgm/s -0.151 0.0312 0.0222 (Explosion Potential Energy) = KE1f + KE2f+... Wrap-up P 1(projectile) in Gate 1 P 1(projectile) in Gate 2 KE 1(projectile) in Gate 1 KE 1(projectile) in Gate 2 M 1(projectile) By Itself 0.280kgm/s 0.292kgm/s 0.0797 0.0788

3 Data Table 4: Total Momenta & Kinetic energy Total Momenta (kg m/s) Total Kinetic Energies (J) Collisions Before Collisions After Collisions Before Collision After Collision Elastic Equal 0.206kgm/s 0.206kgm/s 0.0424 0.0413 Elastic Heavy Target 0.376kgm/s 0.458kgm/s 0.142 0.103 Elastic Heavy Projectile 0.869kgm/s 0.857kgm/s 0.381 0.303 Inelastic 0.377kgm/s 0.217kgm/s 0.144 0.0455 Before Explosion After Explosion Before Explosion After Explosion Explosion .175kgm/s -0.151 0 0.0534 Wrap-up Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 1 Gate 2 M 1(projectile) By Itself 0.280kgm/s 0.292kgm/s 0.0797 0.0788 Data Tables 5: Percent-Change in Momentum & Kinetic Energy Collisions Momentum Kinetic Energy Elastic Equal 0% -2.59% Elastic Heavy Target 21.81% -27.36% Elastic Heavy Projectile 71.06% -20.54% Inelastic -42.44% -68.49% Wrap-Up 4.110% -1.160% Reflection (14 points) 1. The momenta and energies were not considered. In data table 5, there are negative percent changes. For momenta and energies to be conserved, it has to be a perfect elastic collision. 2. The kinetic energy was not conserved therefore the carts must have transferred energy through heat, sound, or etc. Also the track is not frictionless so the energy could have transferred to friction. 3. The heavier the object is the less the object will move after collision but will have a greater impact on the speed and distance of the lighter object.

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