physics lab newtons laws

docx

School

Tyler Junior College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

123

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

6

Report

Uploaded by crmartin31

MARTINEZ 1 Trevor Martinez Instructors Name Course Name Due Date The Effect of Launch Angle on Projectile Distance Pre-Lab Questions The angle at which a projectile is launched affects the distance that projectile can travel in that it is the determinant of the initial velocity and the trajectory followed by the projectile. A higher launch angle means a higher initial velocity; thus, a greater distance is covered. Hypothesis If the angle of launching a projectile is increased, then the distance traveled by the projectile will also increase. Materials Large rubber band Ruled loose-leaf paper Plastic cap 2 binder clips Metric measuring tape Masking tape Protractor Procedure
MARTINEZ 2 1. A piece of loose-leaf paper is taped to cover the top of the binder, which serves as a launching platform. 2. Two binder clips are then clipped at the same distance from the shortest binder side to hold the rubber band in place. 3. Books are then inserted between the binder side to gain an angle of 30º. Additionally, a protractor is used to measure and adjust the angle as accurately as possible. 4. The rubber band is then pulled back using the lines on the loose-leaf paper as a guide, and the plastic cap is launched. A small piece of masking tape labeled L1 marks the landing location. 5. Steps 3-4 are repeated ten times, with the cap being launched and the landing location marked for every turn. The length of each landing should be measured using a measuring tape in 'cm' and data recorded in a table. 6. The books in the binder are then adjusted to achieve an angle of 45º and procedures 4-5 are repeated 7. Again, the books in the binder should be adjusted to achieve an angle of 60º, and procedures 4- 5 should be repeated. Data Launch Angle (degrees) Landing Location Trial 1-10 Distance (cm) Trial 1 L1 Trial 2 L2 Trial 3 L3 Trial 4 L4 Trial 5 L5 Trial 6 L6 Trial 7 L7 Trial 8 L8 Trial 9 L9 Trial 10 L10 30º 15.2 16.5 14.9 15.1 15.8 16.2 15.5 15.9 16.3 15.7 45º 20.1 19.8 20.2 20.0 19.9 20.3 19.7 20.4 20.6 20.2 60º 23.6 24.1 24.2 23.9 24.3 23.8 24.4 23.7 23.5 24.0
MARTINEZ 3 The table shows the landing locations of the projectile for three different launch angles: 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees. Each launch angle was repeated ten times, and the distances traveled by the projectile (in cm) were recorded. Observation: while the launch angle is increasing, similarly, the distance traveled by the projectile seems to be increasing. Analysis (Post-lab Questions) 1. To calculate the average distance traveled by the plastic cap for each launching angle, we sum up the distances for each angle and divide by the number of trials. Average distance for 30º launch Angle = ( 15.2 + 16.5 + 14.9 + 15.1 + 15.8 + 16.2 + 15.5 + 15.9 + 16.3 + 15.7 ) 10 = 15.8 cm Average distance for 45º Launch Angle = 20.1 + 19.8 + 20.2 + 20.0 + 19.9 + 20.3 + 19.7 + 20.4 + 20.6 + 20.2 ¿ ¿ 10 = 20.1 cm Average distance for 60º Launch Angle = ( 23.6 + 24.1 + 24.2 + 23.9 + 24.3 + 23.8 + 24.4 + 23.7 + 23.5 + 24.0 ) 10 = 23.9 cm 2. A bar graph of the distance traveled Vs. Launch Angle is depicted below [as generated in Excel]:
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
MARTINEZ 4 3. Newton's Laws apply to this experiment as follows: a). In Newton's first law, an object at rest continues in the same state. In contrast, that which is in motion will continue in motion with the same velocity until an external force acts on it. In this experiment, the plastic cap is at rest until its launch using a rubber band. It continues in motion upon launch, experiencing resistance and gravitational forces until it stops (Karadag, p2) . b). In the Second law of motion, the projectile's acceleration will be directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to its mass. In this experiment, the rubber band tension gives the force on the plastic cap. The force applied is also varied when the rubber is stretched to varying lengths. The mass of this cap remains unvaried, and thus acceleration and distance covered will, therefore, be affected (Cohen, p.63) . c). The third law of motion, stated by Newt ion, is that for every action, a reaction that is opposite and equal magnitude is expected. In this experiment, upon launching the cap, it exerts a force on the band in the opposite direction, which propels the cap forward (Hanlon, p.142) .
MARTINEZ 5 Conclusions Based on calculations and data, the hypothesis that the increase in the launch angle produces an increased distance is supported. The mean distance covered by the projectile increased as the launch angle increased from 30 to 45 and 60 degrees. This means that the launch angle is directly proportional to the distance traveled by this projectile. The possible sources of error/uncertainties include variations in the strength with which the band is pulled back, variations in the angle achieved using the protractor, and the resistance of air, which affects the projectile's motion (plastic cap). Such factors can bring about data inconsistencies. The experiment's results significantly link to certain areas of science like mechanics and physics. The Newton Laws were very applicable in understanding the behavior and motion of the projectile. The concept of the motion of a projectile, which entails vertical and horizontal components, can be explored in kinematics. To gain new data, this experiment can be modified by adjusting variables such as the shape and mass of the projectile or even using different launch mechanisms.
MARTINEZ 6 Works Cited Cohen, I. B. "Newton's concepts of force and mass, with notes on the laws of motion." The Cambridge Companion to Newton , 2016, pp. 61-92. Hanlon, Robert T. "Newton and the Laws of Motion." Block by Block: The Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Thermodynamics , 2020, pp. 138-159. Karadag, Mustafa. "A study for determining the launch angle that maximizes the total distance traveled by the projectile during its flight in the projectile motion." Physics Education , vol. 55, no. 3, 2020, p. 033011.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help