PSY 2307 - Chapter 5 Lecture

.pdf

School

University of Houston, Downtown *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2307

Subject

Psychology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

14

Uploaded by GrandSnow12337

Report
Chapter 5: Identifying Good Measurement PSY 2307 CHAPTER 5 IS DUE FRIDAY, OCTOBER 27, 2023, AT 11:59 PM, CST. 1
Outline • Three Common Types of Measures − Self-report Measures − Observational Measures − Physiological Measures • Scales of Measurement − Categorical vs. Quantitative Variables • Reliability of Measurement • Validity of Measurement • The Relationship Between Reliability and Validity 2
Introduction • Systematic observations require good measurement tools • Most psychological phenomena are difficult to measure directly • Learning Objective : Evaluate the reliability and validity of measured variables in psychological science No matter what a psychologist is interested in studying, every scientist faces the challenge of measurement. When researchers test theories or pursue empirical questions, they have to systematically observe the phenomena by collecting data. Such systematic observations require measurements, and these measurements must be good ones — or else they are useless. Measurement in psychological research can be particularly challenging. Many of the phenomena psychologists are interested in — motivation, emotion, thinking, reasoning — are difficult to measure directly. Happiness, the topic of much research, is a good example of a construct that could be hard to assess. Is it really possible to quantify how happy people are? Are the measurements accurate? This chapter explains how to ask questions about the quality of a study’s measures. You will learn, first, about different ways researchers operationalize measured variables. Then you’ll learn how you can evaluate the reliability and validity of those measurements. 3
Three Common Types of Measures • There are three common types of measures: 1. Self-report 2. Observational 3. Physiological In Chapter 3, you learned about operationalization, the process of turning a construct of interest into a measured or manipulated variable. Much psychological research requires two definitions of each variable. The conceptual definition, or construct, is the researcher’s definition of the variable in question at a theoretical level (e.g., intelligence). The operational definition represents a researcher’s specific decision about how to measure or manipulate the conceptual variable (e.g., IQ test, GPA). The process of measuring variables involves some key decisions. As researchers decide how they should operationalize each variable in a study, they choose among three common types of measures: self-report , observational , and physiological . They also decide on the most appropriate scale of measurement for each variable they plan to investigate. 4
Self-report Measures • Self-report : Recording people’s answers to questions about themselves in a questionnaire or interview − E.g., Likert scales • Can be completed by oneself or another person A self-report measure operationalizes a variable by recording people’s answers to questions about themselves in a questionnaire or interview. To assess happiness or satisfaction with life, for example, a researcher my develop a rating scale with ten items that ask you to respond to statements like “I am satisfied with my life,” “In most ways, my life is close to my ideal,” and “The conditions of my life are excellent.” or How much do you agree or disagree with a particular statement (e.g., Do you think you are smarter than average). Self-reports do not always need to be completed by the person or population of interest. For example, in research on children, self-reports may be replaced with parent reports or teacher reports. These measures ask parents or teachers to respond to a series of questions, such as describing the child’s eating behaviors, the words the child knows, or the child’s typical classroom behaviors. 5
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Browse Popular Homework Q&A

Q: find the first four nonzero terms of the Taylorseries generated by ƒ at x = a. ƒ(x) = 1/(1 - x) at x…
Q: Which solvent(s) would you expect toluene to be miscible in? Cyclohexane and ethanol Water and…
Q: A company produces a special new type of TV.  The company has fixed costs of $460,000, and it costs…
Q: * Incorrect. In Applied Life Data Analysis (Wiley, 1982), Wayne Nelson presents the breakdown time…
Q: In the amorphous form, Fe has an atomic radius of r=1.40 Å. Using the spherical cluster…
Q: Because therapies have much in common, a majority of psychologists have become more a. existential…
Q: 3. Given that Ea for a certain biological reaction is 48 kJ/mol and that the rate constant is 2.5 x…
Q: 1. Describe and sketch the following sets in cylindrical coordinates: (a) {(r, 0, 2): r = 3}
Q: Find the value for the function. Reduce all answers completely. 6 Find F2x) when f(x) = √ix² +4x.…
Q: 3 -2 4 that AB is the zero matrix. -6] 3. Let A = Find a 2 x 2 matrix B with two different nonzero…
Q: Li -0.864 Be'* Bit cit Nit out -1.49 -1.33 -1.81 -2.33 -2.18 1. why are 3. all of the values…
Q: why cant i see the answer? My computer cant pan to view it entirely.
Q: Which of the following statements about theories and hypotheses is TRUE? A hypothesis can either…
Q: A car washing and lubricating company has been operating for several years (more than 10 yr) in a…
Q: Draw an equivalent resonance structure that minimizes charge. Include all lone pairs in your…
Q: Assume that a procedure yields a binomial distribution with n = 44 trials and the probability of…
Q: at plan to hire additional employees in the next 60 days. ow many randomly selected employers must…
Q: Do some study to learn what a file extension is and what function it serves in the document you're…
Q: Find equations of the tangent line and normal line to the curve at the given point. (1, 0.25) y=…
Q: The velocity (in feet/second) of a projectile t seconds after it is launched from a height of 10…
Q: Find a polynomial f(x) of degree 3 that has the following zeros.  -8,0,5 leave answer in factored…
Q: Can abnormal spinal curvature be corrected ?
Q: (Figure 1) shows a tank of 20°C water with a nozzle h = 25 cm below the surface. Bernoulli's…
Q: Problem 1: Consider standard position angle 250°. (1) In what quadrant does this angle terminate?…
Q: For resistance and inductance circuit connected in series, has the following values: Vsupply = 120…