Child Development Assesment

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Curtin University *

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Psychology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Angela Maroon (21558153) 1 Information Processing, Creative Debate, and Self-Efficacy in Primary Education Angela Maroon 21558153 EDUC1022 EDC135 Child Development for Educators Maria Blackman 17 th May 2023 Acknowledgement of Country I wish to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land, the Whadjuk Noongar people, and I pay my respects to their Elders, past, present and emerging.

Angela Maroon (21558153) 2 Topic 1: Information Processing Approaches in Primary Education (748 words) Primary Education is a crucial period in a child's cognitive development, and it is essential to understand the information processing approaches to this development in order to provide effective teaching. This essay will explore the concepts of working memory, encoding information into long-term memory, strategy knowledge and use, cognitive flexibility, and how they can be applied in the classroom. According to (Cardenas, 2020), working memory is an essential concept education, as it helps students process and retain new information. Working memory has a limited capacity and duration, only holding the information that is being actively processed in the present moment. To ensure that the information is retained, it needs to be reinforced through practice . (Cardenas, 2020) suggests to effectively use working memory in the classroom, introduce one concept at a time and provide students with opportunities to practice and apply it. For example, the teacher can have the students listen to a story and then ask them to recall the main points of the story in a group discussion. Another important concept to develop in the class room to help successful learners is effective encoding strategies . These strategies involve transforming the information a student has learned in working memory into a form that can be stored and retrieved from their memory. (Duchesne et al., 2021) Encoding information into long term memory allows students to remember material for longer periods of time, which is essential for academic success. One implication for effective classroom teaching is the use of retrieval practic e. (Duchesne et al., 2021) suggest that retrieval practice, such as by giving practice quizzes or having students explain concepts in their own words, can help students to recall information from their long-term

Angela Maroon (21558153) 3 memory and solidify it in their minds. Teachers create unit quizzes at the end of topics for students. These quizzes could cover the main concepts of the unit, and could also be used to help them form connections between different concepts and to develop their encoding strategies. This practice could be used to identify any gaps in understanding that students may have and address them accordingly. (Duchesne et al., 2021) "The ability to think critically and make thoughtful decisions based on strategies is an essential part of the learning process in primary education." (p146) This implies that effective classroom teaching should provide opportunities for students to practice strategy knowledge and use. It involves developing metacognitive awareness, knowing what strategies you need for a particular learning task. It involves the ability to monitor and evaluate one's own use of strategies. Strategy knowledge and use helps students to become self-directed, independent learners. In a classroom, students could be given a problem to solve and allow them to work together in small groups to come up with strategies to solve it. Teachers need to explicitly teach appropriate metacognitive strategies so that students know, when and how to use them . After they have come up with a strategy, the teacher could then ask them to explain the strategy and discuss how it could be applied to other problems. They could then share the outcome with each other’s groups or trial a different scenario. According to a study by (Gohm et al., 2005), Cognitive flexibility is a critical thinking and problem-solving skill that is also essential for learning and development. In primary education, cognitive flexibility is important as it allows children to think outside the box and explore a range of possibilities for solving problems. It also helps children to understand new concepts, perceive and interpret information in different ways, and make connections between ideas. Teachers can foster cognitive flexibility in the classroom by creating an environment that

Angela Maroon (21558153) 4 encourages exploration, critical thinking, and problem-solving. For example, have the students role-play a situation where two people are arguing over a toy and the students must help come up with a solution. This activity gets the students to think outside the box and come up with different solutions and ideas. It also helps develop their ability to think flexibly and solve problems. In conclusion, it’s essential to consider the role of working memory, encoding strategies, strategy knowledge and use, and cognitive flexibility in primary education. These concepts are important for helping students become effective learners and developing the skills necessary for academic success. Effective classroom teaching should involve providing students with opportunities to practice and apply concepts, encouraging cognitive flexibility and critical thinking, and exploring a range of possibilities for problem solving and understanding new concepts.

Angela Maroon (21558153) 5 Topic 2: The Creative Debate (694 words) The concept of creativity in education has been widely debated, with differing perspectives on whether creativity is a universal trait or a rare phenomenon. Stephanie's argument that all children are creative is one that is certainly worthy of discussion, while Melanie's perspective that finding exceptionally creative people is rare, particularly at school, is also a valid point. This essay will provide a nuanced understanding of the role of creativity in children's development and discuss strategies for supporting creativity in classrooms. The evidence that all children have creative potential includes research which suggests that creativity is a natural part of the human condition, and that it is something we are born with, rather than something that has to be learned. There is also evidence to suggest that creativity can be found in all areas of life, from science and mathematics to art and literature . A study by (Reifel et al., 2017) found that when children were given the opportunity to express their creativity, their self-confidence and self-esteem were increased and their overall wellbeing improved . This indicates that creativity is an essential part of a child’s development, and it is important that all children are given the opportunity to express their creativity. Further studies have found that when children are encouraged to be creative, their imagination and problem- solving skills are strengthened, and their overall cognitive development is enhanced. Finding an exceptionally creative person such as a world-famous van Gogh or Mozart is rare, particularly at school. This is because creativity is a complex phenomenon, and it is impossible to predict which children will become exceptionally creative. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that creativity is not something that can be measured in a standardized way, and it is important to recognize that all children can be creative in their own unique ways

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