HLSS302 Final Assignment

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American Military University *

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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Final Assignment Brendan J. Cawthon American Public University System HLSS302 Dr. Brian Blodgett October 22, 2023

2 Abstract Domestic Intelligence is a vast world that very few have access to through clearance level. It is something your typical citizen doesn’t have to worry about on a daily basis of what kind of planning for attacks or crime is happening in an area. The dissemination of information facilitated by Fusion Centers is almost never thought about by your typical American and not only that but what kind of capabilities we have and what limits us on a defense level. Through all the agencies in the Homeland Security Enterprise and the Intelligence Community, in this paper you will take a deep dive into how they operate, what kinds of information disseminate through them and how they are utilized to play to our strength within our capabilities and how we can avoid our weaknesses and limitations by having back up contingencies in place. Keywords: Domestic Intelligence, Capabilities, Limitations, Fusion Center, Homeland Security Enterprise, etc.

3 Overall Concepts of Homeland Security and Homeland Defense There is no doubt that American citizens question our government and what they are doing to protect them, ensure our jobs are secure, and how they manage the economy. In this paper there will be a huge focal point on Fusion Centers and their vast capabilities and how they are doing their part to protect us through agencies involved. Obviously, when there are benefits there are always worries too and those will be addressed in the form of what our limitations are in using Fusion Centers as well as what could happen if there was an effective cyber attack or breach that disabled our communication. Domestic Intelligence is complex and simple at the same time but thankfully us, as citizens, do not have to worry ourselves with such things, which is why there are all sorts of agencies at the local, state, and federal level that cover a wide variety of issues. In determining the capabilities and limitations of Domestic Intelligence Efforts in the Homeland Security Enterprise, we can have a better understanding of how we are protected. Capabilities and Limitations of Domestic Intelligence Efforts in Supporting the Homeland Security Enterprise Within the Homeland Security Enterprise, there are many moving parts. All actions carried out within are to benefit the United States of America and its citizens whether that be security from foreign and domestic threats, stabilizing the economy through trade, or gathering intelligence to deter attacks both from cyber and in person. Domestic intelligence is the combination of receiving investigative tips and other information to combat suspicious behavior and find the purpose of these actions, and who is behind them (Treverton, 2008). Just as the Homeland Security Enterprise is, Domestic Intelligence gathering is happening at all levels of security and law enforcement. Your local city police department is keeping tabs on people in your area who are known criminals and keeping up with their every move. The state level may

4 not have as many boots on the ground in the area but they are responsible for the transfer of information between local and federal agencies through Fusion Centers. The federal agencies have a wide variety of responsibility as they are responsible for watch list, planning, execution, among many other things in relation to intelligence, security, and infrastructure. Not only is this tips received, but it involves exploratory activities that involve our own investigation and discovery of new leads and tips for future use. The purpose of domestic intelligence is deterring, prevention, mitigation, and response to security threats and is responsible for the protection of privacy, civil rights and civil liberties. With the many strategies implemented to gather intelligence through informants, interviews, investigation, and monitoring movement and purchases of those who have made their way onto some sort of watch list, fusion centers are the catalyst that allows for the operation to move forward. A fusion center is a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources, expertise and information to the center with the goal of maximizing their ability to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity (National Network of Fusion Centers Fact Sheet, 2012). As mentioned before, the state level acts as the messenger between local entities and federal agencies in which fusion centers are responsible for sharing that information back and forth. Once information has been received by either local or federal agencies, it is sent to these fusion centers to be analyzed and distributed to the proper authorities to be handled accordingly. The utilization of Fusion Centers offers a massive advantage in our capabilities of domestic intelligence because they can help provide a landscape of the area when delivering intelligence from a specific area. This is to include the type of area the information is coming from such as urban or rural areas, the demographic involved such as high income or low income, and what critical infrastructure may be affected in the specific area if an attack were to

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