Literature Review: Autoethnography and Action Research
Introduction
Within this literature review two emerging research methodologies will be discussed: Action research and autoethnography. Each of these methodologies has their own purposes, powers and strengths and both differ from other traditional forms of academic research. To gain an understanding of these methodologies, 16 pieces of empirical research have been used. Although two articles are dated back to the 1990s, the majority of research is from the 2000s and onward. This review will begin by discussing action research. First, there will be an analysis of the research platform which will demonstrate the stance, approaches, positioning and history behind this methodology.
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23). This methodology has been characterised as an interactive cycle consisting of identifying problems, diagnosing, developing intervention and evaluating the outcomes to find what has been achieved and to plan further interventions. In this research, Bargal (2008) highlights the importance of bringing together action and reflection and theory and practice. It is suggested that action research should be done in participation with others in the aim of making social change for the betterment of policy and practice.
Although the purposes and characteristics of action research are similar between researchers, criticisms of this methodology lie in the restrictiveness and ‘confusing array’ of models (Davis, 2013; Costello, 2011). With a large variety of models, a few examples are given here to show the variation between each. Costello (2011) refers to an action research model by Denscombe (2007, p.126). This model demonstrates the cyclical process of action research and includes five components: professional practice, critical reflection, research, strategic planning, and action. The idea of this framework is that it involves beginning with professional practice and reflecting on this. It is through reflection that there may be an identification of an issue or problem and it is this issue which requires research. Once an inquiry is completed, the research findings become the starting point for the instigation and development of an action
In making “distinctions between basic and applied research and between human service practice and policy more concrete, it is useful to identify five focal areas where research is applied in the human services: identify the problem, research design development, collect data, analyze the data, and public dissemination” (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2011 p.4).
According to Sullivan and Decker (2009), “Emphasis is placed on the assessment phase of change for two reasons. Without data collection and analysis, planned change will not proceed past the “wouldn’t it be a good idea if” stage” (Sullivan & Decker, 2009, "Chapter 5, Initiating and Implementing Change, The Change Process"). Change does not have to come from only a problem, it can also come from an opportunity. Once the problem or opportunity has been properly identified, internal and external data can be collected. Many factors will have to be examined, like who would benefit from the changes and the costs associated with the changes. Once all the data has been collected, it is imperative that it gets analyzed. A statistical analysis could prove even more beneficial especially if it is presented visually, with either graphs or charts. Once a direction has been established, the next part in the process can begin. In the planning stage, the who, when, and how of the change are determined and the target area is decided. Those in the target are should be actively involved with the planning stage. Doing so will hopefully lessen the chances of resistance later on. In the next stage, which is implementation, the plan is put into motion. There are two different methods for change; changing an individual and changing a group. Information giving is the most common method used in changing an individuals’ attitudes and values. According
on the theory and practice in adult learning and action research. This creates a kind of social space in organization that is important in the facilitation of a practice-based example. Making it
Amanda talked about how she used the action research to develop and increase professionalism of both early childhood researchers and practitioners by using the teaching techniques and strategies to support the implement of the research project, using the cycle of reflection and analysing the data, communicating with early childhood teachers to reflect and build skills in their teaching. She developed a scale where she could analyse children’s interests,
In Fahrenheit 451, on page fifty-nine it points out, “You must understand that our civilization is so vast that we can’t have our minorities upset and stirred.” This book was basically like a warning for the upcoming societies and it gave the reader a whole new perspective about how life would be without books and having technology would be way different. In the book, there is several characters that stand out more such as; Montag (also known as Guy), Clarisse, and Beatty. In Fahrenheit 451 firemen burn books, people have these televisions that have multiple walls, and there’s a mechanical hound that lives in the firemen's little base. The story’s society and our society is so different but in ways it seems as the book tried to warn us with all the books and technology.
Apply principals of effective teaching based on educational theory, laws, county and school policy, and ethical practice in the comprehensive
Based on my prior knowledge and this week’s resource, I see a little clear why action research can help me address the needs of my students better. This week I have learned the difference between action research/teacher inquiry and education traditional research. Also, I have learned the relationship between action research and teacher professional growth and decision making. Last, I have been able to see what teacher inquiry/action research look like, how they are similar and different.
Participatory action research is defined as the approach in research which is mainly focused and empathizes on action. This approach towards research is fundamentally aligned with the understanding of the world by trying to change it. One of the key reasons due to which PAR is mainly viewed as being controversial is because it intends to confront the existing status quo and affair of things in which they have been operating for a long period of
I performed this action research project at River Community College in West Michigan. The community college provided educational opportunities to the
In order for a researcher to conduct an action research analysis several factors must be determined. The specific purpose for the research, the components, and stakeholders. My action research project is to address a specific problem my agency has with employee retention within the patrol division during the past three years. In conducting a critical mass analysis it is important to determine who has influence and can assist with making suggestions on changes or give necessary data. Stringer (2007) states, "action research is a systematic approach to investigation
Informative Post! The constitution was established to create a strong nation. The bill of right were written, it provide all documents that provide the laws of land and the rights of its people. For example, Thomas Jefferson served as the third president of the US from 1801 to 1809 he wrote himself “all men are created equal” but he owned slaves. I assumed when the constitution was written the founding father forgot he had slaves working on his plantation.
Chapter 3 sets out the research strategy inclusive of the challenges found alternative methods, and scope of this research paper.
Werkman.R and Boonstra J, ‘Action research as a method for improving the effectivity of change processes and stimulating learning in organizations’, retrieved 31 December 2015
When considering my inquiry, qualitative research is the approach usually associated with the constructivist worldview (Creswell, 2014; Mertens, 2015). For my research this will mean recording, analyzing and uncovering the deeper meaning and significance of inclusion in the French immersion context and how this translates into best practices. If I examine the purpose of action research as described by Hendricks (2013) as “for practitioners to investigate and improve their practice” (p.3) then my research could also fit into this approach. I have chosen not to involve participants other than myself and will conduct an independent study using data from existing studies and I may also choose to include personal reflections on my own practice. This would allow a thorough investigation of my topic and allow me to present, analyze and discuss information and existing ideas in the both the qualitative and quantitative literature from the patterns that emerge.
Action learning, in contrast to action research, focuses on the learning and the action does not require the extension of new knowledge in a theoretical sense. In action learning the participants select some issues, analyze them, take some action and say on that action, while Action research is a process by which change and understanding can be pursued at the one time. It is usually described as cyclic, with action and critical reflection taking place in turn. It is commonly done by a group of people, though sometimes people use it to improve their practice. It has been used often in the field of education for this purpose. It is not unusual for there to be someone