Antibacterial Antibiotics And Its Effects On The Growth And Production Of Bacterial Infections

Acacia Dairsow Page one P.5 The Amazing Discovery of Penicillin and Antibiotics! Antibiotics have been around for years, but at the same time only for a short period, as in about 80 years ago Therefore penicillin and antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century Seeing as how Penicillin is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century, it is now commonly used to cure “common” or “simple” infections, Alexander Fleming was the one to discover Penicillin and its uses, and Penicillin was actually discovered by accident. I’ve used a variety of sources to learn and study about one

The antibiotics will have different zones of inhibition on different bacteria. Also, a range of concentrations of the nutrients in the bacteria will change the bacterial growth.

Antibiotics, composed of microorganisms such as streptomycin and penicillin, kill other infectious microorganisms in the human body. At one point, antibiotics were considered to have “basically wiped out infection in the United States”, but due to their overuse and evolutionary

In 1928 Dr. Alexander Fleming began to sort through a pile of petri dishes containing colonies of bacteria that causes boils, sore throats, and abscesses. As he sorted through the dishes he noticed something unusual on one dish. It was dotted with colonies, and one area had a blob of mold growing. The area of mold was later identified as a rare strain of Penicillium notatum, the mold had secreted something that inhibited bacterial growth. Fleming later uncovered that this mold was capable of killing a wide range of harmful bacteria such as streptococcus, meningococcus and the diphtheria bacillus, that had played humanities. Prior to the discovery of Penicillin, Sulfa drugs were used during World War II. These drugs were name as the “wonder drug”. Although they’re still used today, Sulfa drugs were used to cure bacterial infections such as UTIs and gonorrhea. The new found drug penicillin, would cure millions and replace the use of Sulfa drugs.

All anti-infection agents utilized as a part of human treatment since the beginning of the anti-infection agents time in the mid 1900s can be partitioned into three unmistakable classifications as indicated by how they were eventually produced on substantial scale. These arrangements take after. Natural products: mixes made specifically by huge scale aging of microscopic organisms or parasites. Semi-synthetic antibacterial: compounds manufactured by chemical synthesis using as starting material a natural product. Fully synthetic antibacterial: exacerbates that are fabricated by completely manufactured courses (Wright, Seiple, and Myers, 2014).

When penicillin was released to the public in 1944, it was a miracle drug. Infections that had been killers were suddenly treatable. Doctors recommended it generously, both for illnesses that needed it and illnesses that didn’t. Before long, however, it took much stronger doses to see penicillin’s effects. When the antibiotic arms race began in 1944, most physicians assumed that new antibiotics would be discovered or created to keep up with the evolving resistance in bacteria, but the bacteria are constantly evolving new defenses and doctors are starting to run low on antibiotic ammunition. MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is one of many types of bacteria

Antibiotics have played an essential role in the fight against diseases and infections since the 1940’s. Antibiotics are a leading cause for the rise of global average life expectancy in the 20th and 21st century. They have greatly reduced illnesses and deaths due to diseases. With the introductions of antibiotics in the 1940’s, like penicillin into clinical practice, formally deadly illnesses became immediately curable and saved thousands of lives (Yim 2006). Antibiotic use has been beneficial and when prescribed and taken correctly their effects on patients are exceedingly valuable. However, because these drugs have been used so widely and for such a long period of time the bacteria that the antibiotics are designed to kill have adapted,

Antibiotics are important for the treatment of bacterial infections, and it is therefore important to know how different antibiotic works in different contexts. Different kinds of bacteria are affected to different degrees by different antibiotics, and it may therefore be useful to know which antibiotic that attacks the bacteria. The purpose of this report is to analyze how antibiotics including Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin affect the growth rate of bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Which antibiotic is the most effective or least effective in inhibiting the growth rate of these two bacteria respectively?

Antibiotics were introduced to people in 1929, which could restrain the normal growth of the other bacteria called antimicrobial activity, was found by British scientist Alexander Fleming by coincidence. Then scientists used antibiotics, to cure injured soldiers and got great success during the World War. With the efforts of many scientists in the past half of the century, thousand kinds of antibiotics are found, which could be natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic, and many of them are used in medical field successfully.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of emerging resistance to all current antibiotics. Infections are created by pathogens, or microbes that create diseases. There are different types of microbes including: bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Some microbes are beneficial to the human body, however, there are pathogens that are deadly and require antibiotics. Antibiotics are antimicrobials that were developed to destroy microbes. Penicillin, the first commercialized antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002) While it wasn’t distributed among the general public until 1945, it was widely used in World War II for surgical and wound infections among the Allied Forces. Methicillin was introduced in 1959 to treat infections caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In 1961, there were reports from the United Kingdom of S. aureus isolates that had acquired resistance to methicillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA).(Enright, Robinson, Randle, 2002)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium commonly found in the digestive system of humans and animals. Although it is mainly harmless and helps promote a healthy digestive system, some strains can be pathogenic and cause illness such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and even pneumonia. What makes E. coli pathogenic is the release of a toxin called Shiga. These are often referred to a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). This particular strain lives harmlessly in the guts of animals, particularly cattle. However, when in contact with a human, it results in illness. Pathogenic E. coli is usually caught when humans ingest invisible amounts of feces that can be found in food or water. (CDC, 2014) Antibiotics may be prescribed depending on the illness. Their ability to effectively work depends on it’s composition and the bacteria it is expected to work on.

Antimicrobial agents are an integral part of everyday life in today’s society and play a vital role in reducing the impact of diseases across the globe.

Aim: To design an experiment to investigate and observe the effects of selected antibiotics on two different species of bacteria (M.luteus & E.coli).

Take for example MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), a S. aureus strain that was discovered in 1961 to be resistant to the antibiotic methicillin. Webmd indicates that MRSA has now grown its resistance from methicillin to “amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin and many other common antibiotics” (MRSA). This increase in resistance of a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus can be attributed to the increasing use and overuse of antibiotics, not only in the doctor’s office but also in agriculture. MRSA is only one of many antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. New resistant strains are evolving rapidly. According to Dr. Ed Warren, “there are high levels of antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing common infections (e.g. urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections) in all regions of the world” (21).

This test determines the susceptibility of the bacteria to an array of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was determined based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition measured in millimeters. The measured diameter around each antibiotic disc was then compared to a standard for the Kirby-Bauer test to determine if the bacteria was resistant, intermediate, or susceptible to the antibiotics. Of the twelve tested antibiotics, the isolate was resistant to 6 of them (Table 1).