FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Pharmaceutical) with Honours
BTP2153 Pharmaceutical Formulation Method
ASSIGNMENT 1
NAME: KONG YEE TONG
MATRIC NO: TD 14004
LECTURER: DR. KRISHNAMOORTHY MASILAMANI
DUE DATE: 9 MAY 2016
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Based on United State Pharmacopeia, pastes are defined as semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application. (Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, 2009) Pastes are also intended for application to oral cavity or mucous membranes besides the skin. Pastes are usually prepared from fats, fatty oils, petrolatum, paraffin, waxes, glycerin or water by mixing homogeneously powdered drug with the foregoing materials as bases. (General Requirements for Pharmaceutical Preparation) There are two classes of paste which are fatty pastes and non-greasy pastes which is made from single phase aqueous gel.
Although the preparations of pastes are similar to ointment, there are still having differences between paste and ointment. Compared to ointments and gels, pastes contain a high proportion of finely powdered medicaments. Pastes are generally composed of ointment bases that contain a high concentration (frequently 50%w/w) of dispersed drug. Hence, the viscosity of pastes is higher than that of pharmaceutical ointment. The base for pastes may be anhydrous (liquid or soft paraffin) or water soluble (glycerol or mucilage). (Prashant, 2010)
Furthermore, pastes take some
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This report is Part 1 of assignment for Marketing MBA 565-MBOL1 to Dr. Stephen Baglione
In our experience with Pharmasim we learned that Marketing decision making must be very sensitive and responsive to everything going on in the industry which is very complex. Consumer responses to marketing tactics can be volatile and unpredictable and no idea is guaranteed to work well. Marketing is a matter of meticulous research, assumptions, planning, and volatility at times. Overall we took away two major points: 1) that it is important to consider the product lifecycle in evaluating how to promote businesses and, 2) that the “Sweet Spot” as a competitive advantage should be the greatest point of consideration when evaluating how to best gain leverage to beat the competition in the minds of
The intended use of medications is meant to improve a person’ health, it is very important the individual administering medication or self-medicating use the drugs correctly, by following the doctors’ instruction for the medication prescribed. Medication is given to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness. Medication can be very dangerous, which can potentially cause harm or even deaf if it’s not used properly.
The majority of medicines are formulated for oral administration. This means they are taken via the mouth, in the form of a tablet, capsule, liquid or suspension. These medicines come in a variety of
Topical-This would be a type of medication applied to the surface/skin on the body i.e. creams, foams gels,
Topical medications come in the form of creams and gels and are applied directly to the skin surface usually to treat skin conditions.
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First, the medical assistant should convert the doctor’s prescription into layman’s terms for Doris. Medication A is two teaspoons by mouth every four hours. Medication B is 2.5 milliliters by mouth three times daily (Fulcher, Fulcher, & Soto, 2012, p. 1b). Doris should be cautious of confusing her medication dosages as that could lead to possible overdose. If Doris is afraid of mixing her medications, the medical assistant should convert to the unit that Doris is more comfortable with. For example, if Doris prefers milliliters, she should take around 9.8 milliliters of medication A. Alternatively, medication B could be taken at .5 teaspoons (Fulcher, Fulcher, & Soto, 2012, p. 131). Patients taking multiple medications should have a medication
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Topical drugs such as patches, ointment, and cream are applied directly on the skin and can be absorbed fast or with a delayed action. The term pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of the drug in the human’s body. This includes the site of absorption (movement of drug from entry to tissue), how it is distributed (movement in the circulatory system to intended destination), how it is metabolized (break down in the liver), and excretion (elimination from the body). This unit also described the term half-life, which is how long the human body takes to break down a drug, absorb and excrete it and short half-life, which are medications excreted by the body quicker than long half-life drugs. The term pharmacodynamics is any of the changes in the patient’s body resulting from the medicine taken. It is highly important for the patient to know of the used drug’s side effects (unintended effects), adverse effects (unintended effects that can be harmful), and any possibilities of allergic reactions (most severe adverse response of a
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