Introduction The prevalence of cancer continues to saturate modern societies, regardless of the numerous health interventions to prevent the development of the disease. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, colorectal cancer (CRC) was the leading cause of cancer death in the United States (Siegel, DeSantis, & Jemal, 2014). Today, it is the third most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States, despite the fact that there has been a steady decrease in incidence rates since 2001 (Siegel et al., 2014). Current research aims to determine the behavioral factors that influence the development of the disease. Namely, dietary factors, such as micronutrient intake, are potentially accountable for up to 70% of CRC cases (Galas, Augustyniak, & Sochacka-Tatara, 2013). However, human studies have not presented consistent results and there is no complete understanding as to what specific dietary factors influence the prevention or development of CRC (Galas et al., 2013, Fedirko et al., 2010). There is, however, substantial plausibility of calcium playing a prophylactic role in opposition to CRC. Therefore, recent experiments have been conducted in an attempt to elucidate the inverse association between calcium intakes and CRC.
Literature Review
Observational Studies. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study of the relationships between diet and caner, demonstrated the effects of calcium
Every year, 1.2 million people are diagnosed with cancer and more than 500,000 people die from the disease. According to the National Cancer Institute, over 30% of these deaths can be attributed to diet. This means that the average person can greatly lower his risk of getting cancer simply by changing his diet. There is, of course, no guarantee against cancer, but the lifestyle choices that we make now can have a huge impact on our lives in the future. (http://www.aicr.org/expert1.htm)
19. Groups of people with high fruit and vegetable intakes often have low rates of cancer.
The CDC estimates that each year, more than eight million people are diagnosed, and consequently died from cancer, and this statistic was even higher in the 1950s. During this period, little was known of cancer’s effects on the
defense system it can alter a cell's genes to make it become a cancerous cell.
receiving an appropriate amount of calcium and vitamin D may be able to assist in lowering the risk of colon cancer.
. . 30 to 40 percent of all cancers are caused by diet”(Davis and Melina 32). The consumption of meat has also been liked to Osteoporosis; “When you eat meat, your blood becomes acidic . . .In order to balance all the acidity, your bones come to the rescue by releasing some of their minerals”(Silverstone 17). “Diets”, in America revolve heavily around meat and dairy products; no wonder cancer is the second leading cause of death.
Birt, D. F.; Pelling, J. C.; Nair, S., and Lepley, D. Diet intervention for modifying cancer risk. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1996; 395:223-34.
Cases are defined as patients with newly and pathologically diagnosed HCC who were referred for treatment at MD Anderson Cancer Center. All participants had to be residents of the United States and could not have had a prior history of other cancers. We included all referred HCC patients with no restriction to age, sex, and race. Patients who agreed to participate in the study signed informed consent documents indicating their willingness to be personally interviewed for 45 minutes to provide detailed history of smoking, alcohol, occupational, chronic medical diseases, hormonal, and family history of cancer. Patients provided answers to detailed diet “food frequency questionnaire” prior to cancer development. They also provided blood samples for viral, biomarkers and genetic testing. All data is securely documented in password protected database. Diet questionnaire are currently being analyzed through a collaboration with Harvard University for macro- and micronutrient analysis. Upon enrollment, the complete clinical picture of HCC at the time of diagnosis (Baseline) are retrieved. Under IRB approval
More information is required, such as dates for all occurrences and personal medical history, allowing better insight, to possible secondary causes of osteoporosis (OP).
As recommended, nutritionists often say that a sufficient amount of calcium intake per day is 1000mg for women over the age of 19 (6). Unfortunately, many people find it difficult to meet the requirements as not all calcium we take in is used effectively. Some is lost and some excreted. However, with the menu provided, calcium intake levels have been boosted to fit patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. For example, the glass of milk provided at breakfast contains 300mg per cup, providing approximately 1/3 of the recommended amount (7). Not only does milk boost up the calcium, but most dairy products, tinned sardines or salmons, soy based products and dark leaved vegetables also contain calcium (8). Some of these meals include the cream of potato soup. As it remains as a side dish of the lunch,only 37mg of calcium has been added. With all other meals and their calcium levels, the body is able to receive enough calcium per day, as recommended. One other example throughout the menu that consists of calcium is the apple turnover and custard for the dessert. This dessert comprises of ingredients such as milk and cream allowing the body to consume a sufficient amount of calcium. Other calcium products has been added throughout the meal to balance out the calcium intake of the day, without an overdosage as it can have other side effects such as hypercalcimia which occurs due to too much calcium in the bloodstream.To prevent osteoporosis the menu provides suitable amounts calcium, where the calcium intake approximately adds up to 1087.17 mg (7) per day, meeting the recommendations, which proves that the calcium consumption level is just right to help with the
“As humans, we should already be eating foods that are similar to a person that has been prescribed a cancer diet” (Lee).
Adequate calorie intake. In general, a diet that supplies the right amount of nutrients, but do not exceed the daily calorie intake may be effective in preventing the development of cancer. This is true, because a diet high in calorie from excessive carbohydrates, fats, and protein may contribute to a higher risk of developing
According to the article “Diet and Physical Activity: What’s the Cancer Connection?” by The American Cancer Society, a poor diet and inactivity can increase your risks of getting cancer. A research shows that among all cancers diagnosed in the U.S, about 20 percent of them are related to body fatness, physical inactivity, excess alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition. These causes can be prevented by developing a healthy lifestyle. Managing your weight and having a well-balanced diet are very beneficial for reducing cancer risk, even they can help with cancer survivors. When choosing a meal, beware of the portion size and try to limit the intake of food high in calories, fat, and added sugar. In addition, processed meat, red meat, and refined
So many people are affected by cancer each year in the US. And too many are dying from it. Each year, about 1.2 million people are affected by cancer in the US. And each year, about 556,000 die from it. Sadly, most of these cancer cases could have been prevented. According to WHO.com, around one third of deaths from cancer are due to behavioral and dietary habits. Therefore, if people were to watch what they ate, and avoid unhealthy behaviors, the death rate due to cancer would drop significantly, as would the total number of cancer cases. A natural and healthy diet, followed by healthy choices and behaviors, could also help a patient who is diagnosed with cancer to shrink the tumor, or get rid of it permanently, such as in the case of my parents ' dear friend, Ms. Gloria Lopez, or Ms. Gloria, as my brothers and I call her.
There are five ways that we can do to prevent colorectal cancer in our daily life. First, maintaining a healthy weight. There are at least 11 different cancer have been linked to weight gain and obesity. (siteman.wustl.edu) Second, do not smoke. Smoking can increase your chances to get cancer in addition to heart disease stroke and emphysema. (siteman.wustl.edu) Third, do more exercises. Being physically active lowers the risk of many serious diseases, including colon cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu) Forth, limit red meat or processed food. Eating steak or pork and bacon or sausage can increased the risk of colorectal cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu)Last but not least, get enough calcium and vitamin D. According to statistic, people who did not get enough vitamin D and calcium has a higher risk of colorectal cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu)