Name: Larken McRorie
Date: 12/2/2014
Graded Assignment
Lab Report
Answer the questions below. When you are finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit.
Lab Report: Genetic Crosses 1
You may wish to construct the Punnett squares on scratch paper first before you fill in the Punnett squares on the Lab Report. Answer the questions below. When you are finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit.
Part 1: Monohybrid Cross—Predicting Freckles in an F1 Generation
Apply your understanding of how alleles assort and combine during reproduction to evaluate a scenario involving a monohybrid cross.
The allele for having freckles (F) is dominant over the allele for not having
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Calculate the ratios of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in the F1 generation.
Answer:
Genotypes: 1FF: 2Ff: 1ff
Phenotypes: 3FF: 1ff 3 freckles: 1 nonfreckled
Part 2: Dihybrid Cross—Predicting Flower Color and Seed Shape
Imagine that you are crossing two plants that are heterozygous for flower color and seed shape. The dominant and recessive alleles for these traits are: purple flowers: P white flowers: p round seeds: R wrinkled seeds: r
(2 points)
1. Determine the genotype of each parent plant and write them below.
Answer:
Genotype of parent plant 1: Pp Rr
Genotype of parent plant 2: Pp Rr
(4 points)
2. How will the alleles for these traits assort into the gametes that each parent might produce? (Hint: For a reminder on how alleles sort independently into gametes, refer to the illustration in Part 2, Question 2, in the Student Guide.)
Answer:
Parent plant 1:
Gamete 1: PR
Gamete 2: Pr PpRr
Gamete 3: pr
Gamete 4: pR
Parent plant 2:
Gamete 1: RP
Gamete 2: pr
Gamete
Suppose the feather color of a bird is controlled by two alleles, D and d. The D allele results in dark feathers, while the d allele results in lighter feathers.
14. In a flower garden, the gardener has purple and white pansies. He notices that a new pansy has sprouted. When it finally flowers, the pansy is lavender. Explain how this happened. (5 points) This would happen in a case incomplete dominance. The white pansies nor the purple ones genes dominated making a 50/50 offspring.
5. Again, set the number of offspring to the maximum of 6. Then, click the Cross button repeatedly until these parents have produced about 100 F1 offspring.
Mendel’s law of independent assortment deals with dihybrid crosses meaning that independent assortment dealt with the crosses in Group 2 (ap+/ap; se+/se x ap+/ap; se+/se) and Group 4 (vg+/vg; se+/se x vg+/vg; se+/se). This is also the law of independent assortment as the cross deals with the production of haploid cells to the offspring (Gen.: Analysis & Principles, p28). Independent assortment is observed in these two crosses as there are to different traits within the
Now mate a mutant F1 female fly with a mutant F1 male fly. Out of the 50 F2 progeny, what percentage of flies are wild type and what percentage are mutant
Follow the directions in the Student Guide to complete this graded assignment. Your teacher will use the rubric and scoring information at the end of this document to grade your assignment. When you are finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit.
This lab had 2 exercises. Exercise 9.1 involved observing pictures of 60 F2 offspring and recording the phenotypes for 6 different traits. Exercise 9.2 required us to perform the “chi-square test” to determine whether the data we collected matches the standard Mendelian ratio.
The next row(F2 generation), shows us the offspring numbers of a male and female from the F1 generation. Those numbers give us a ratio of 1:1:1:1 of 1 wild male to 1 yellow male to 1 female wild to 1 female yellow. This tells us that there is around the same amount offspring for of each type of fly in the F2 generation.
You are also provided with a heterozygous female, and a homozygous recessive male for a genetic cross. In this particular female, all the dominant alleles are on one chromosome, and the recessive counterparts are on the other homologous chromosome. Due to a chromosomal condition, in the female no recombination occurs between the M and N loci. Normal recombination occurs between the L and M loci. Diagram this cross, and show the genotypes and frequencies of all offspring expected from this cross.
For this experiment the first step is to too Select 50 red chips and 50 yellow chips and then place them in a cup. The chips represent the gene pool of the 1st generation. The colors represent alleles. The second step is to choose without looking, pull out 20 pairs of chips. Each chip represents the allele of an individual that was able to reproduce and each pair represents an individual offspring (2nd generation) with genes inherited from each parent. Record the percentage of red and yellow 40 chips in the 2nd
2.) Out of the genotypes PP, Pp, pp, the resultant flower colors are (as described above in exercise 1) are purple (for PP,) purple or purplish-white (for Pp- likely purple as it is dominant, or a mixture of the colors,) or white (for the case of pp.) PP and pp, the purple and white flowers, are referred to as homozygous. In the case of PP this is homozygous dominant, and in the case of pp this is homozygous recessive. The case of Pp must be considered different, and is
Chromosomes line up in different orders (random assortment) so when they go to either new cell on cell might have dominant for one characteristic (e.g. brown eyes), recessive for another (e.g. blond hair), and dominant for a third one (e.g. can roll tongue) whereas the other created cell might be dominant, dominant dominant (brown eyes, brown hair and can roll tongue.