Human Resource Management: Convergence and Divergence Dabate in Europe

particularly in the UK, who viewed the emergence of HRM in general and of a normative high

Human resources management was defined as ‘a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations’ by Boxall and Purcell (2003). Noon, 1992 (as cited in Armstrong, 2014 a, p6) drew ‘doubts of whether HRM was a map, a model or a theory. But it is evident that the original concept could be seen as a philosophy’. The human

Human Resource embraces the spirit of mission of teaching, research and training (NJIT Website). Human Resource core purpose is to facilitate the transformation of work life at any organization to a standard that surpasses the organizational planning objective (NJIT Website). Human Resource Departments has several goals to include attracting, developing and retaining a premier and diverse workforce; anticipating trends and consequently providing strategic solutions; fostering creativity, innovation, and learning as a whole to foster and facilitate change; ensure compliance with all federal, state and

HRM is increasing in many different ways now. With so much new technology and different resources to pull from it gives HRM’s a chance to be very strategic and develop many ideas for the organization.

According to this model, HRM practices are interrelated and directed towards organizational performance. It also identifies the existence of a human resource cycle with inherent HRM practices carried out in all organizations. Unlike the Harvard Model, the Michigan Model lends more weight to control than influence in managing human resources. Put another way, it does not consider the distinct nature of human resources as compared to the other organizational resources.

Human resource management (HRM) has evolved into a huge industry in the business arena. The evolution and advancement of technology has created a global platform for HRM. The effect of globalization in many organizations has opened the door for HRM, and it is a crucial component for a successful business strategy and plan. This paper will define HRM, and discuss HRM’s primary function and role in an organization’s strategic plan.

Dennis R. B., & Randall S. S. & Lisbeth C. (2009). International Human Resource Management: Policies and Practices for Multinational Enterprises, Third Edition. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group Ltd. ISBN 0203866967

The International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is about the global management of human assets (e.g. Adler and Ghadar 1990; Brewster 2002). The motivation behind IHRM is to empower the firm, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE), to be prosperous globally. This necessitates being competitive globally, efficiency, locally reactive, versatile and responsive within a moment’s notice, and proficiency in exchanging information and knowledge over extensively scattered units. These necessities are momentous, and the extent of the reality is undeniable: for instance, a significant number of companies worldwide are under perpetual competition from competitors (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1998). On the other hand, the majority of the developing markets are under constant barrage by foreign direct investments (FDIs) and by the MNEs of developed countries (UNCTAD 1999).

Storey (2007, p.7.), defines HRM of today as and I quote, “Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.”

There has been much discussion about the issue of whether Human Resource (HR) roles can be integrated into the new position by the HR function in companies. Human Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as “a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations” (Armstrong, 2014, p.5). HR professionals’ works are regarded as employee training, recruitment, personnel administrative, reward management, service delivery, and organizational performance. It is typically believed that HR practitioners must not only be responsible for multiple activities, but also communicate with other constituencies, ranging from employees to managers. However, it is also argued that although HR practitioners play an important role, their position seems unclear in organizations. In addition, HR professionals are expected to reconcile their roles from administrators to strategic partners in order to make corporations more competitive because of globalization and improvements in technology (Jamrog and Overholt, 2004). This suggests that new and clear position benefits HR functions for sustainable development and increases competition of companies in a globalized market, but the reinvention of HR roles face some obstacles. Therefore, this essay will attempt to show that it is difficult for the HR function to reconcile its different roles, because the HR position is affected by companies’ policies.

3. Senyucel, Z. (2009). Managing the human resource in the 21st century. Zorlu Senyucel and Ventus Publishing ApS. Retrieved from http://www.bookboon.com

The rapid growth of internationalisation and global competition in recent years has created a significant increase in the number of Multi-National Corporations (MNC’s), which in turn created the need for International Human Resource Management (IHRM) roles (Scullion, 2001). Human resource management is progressively becoming a major factor that can determine the success or failure of MNC’s. Scullion (2001) concluded that HR strategies play a vital role in implementation and control in MNC’s, and alignment between HR strategies and the organisational structure of MNC’s often results in superior outcomes. In order to strive, human resources must be managed effectively to gain a competitive edge in the global market place, and to overcome the seemingly inexorable challenges that globalization precipitates. This essay presents an overview of the challenges faced by HR managers in a global setting, and evidences that the current permutation of HRM is not adequate to meet the critical challenges of tomorrow. BRIEFLY OUTLINE BODIES OF TEXT

Lucio & Stuart (2011, p.?) states that “HRM itself is more concerned with the relationship between firm-level strategy and the policy and practice of HRM and the differential contributions of levers of HRM to company perfor-mance”. Human resource management basically focuses on managing the rela-tionships between the employer and the employees by providing team-based job designs, flexible workforces, employee empowerment and implementation of competitive strategy for achieving operational goals (Huselid et al,1997, p.?).

According to Iles and Zhang (2013), IHRM does not differ from domestic HRM in terms of activity and function. The difference is in the fact that it is concerned with the foreign location in which HRM is being performed. One simple but very relevant illustration is, for example, the way international operations might be affected by separation of time and distance between two subsidiaries. Furthermore, as indicated by Tayeb (2005), important characteristics of HRM might be affected by the culture of the nation in which it is attempting to operate. It is, therefore, very important that HRM practices are adapted to take into consideration the cultural singularities of each country.

International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is about the global management of human assets (e.g. Adler and Ghadar 1990; Brewster 2002). The motivation behind IHRM is to empower the firm, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE), to be globally prosperous. This necessitates being competitive globally, efficient, locally reactive, versatile and responsive within a moment’s notice, and proficiency in exchanging information and knowledge over extensively scattered units. These necessities are momentous, and the extent of the reality is undeniable: for instance, a significant number of companies worldwide are under perpetual competition from competitors (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1998). On the other hand, the majority of the developing markets are