Determination of Length, Mass, and Density
Table of Contents
1 – Introduction ……………………………………………........…. Page 3
2 – Theory ………………………………………………………...... Page 3
3 – Experimental Procedure and Results …...………………..…. Page 6
4 – Discussion ………………….……………………….....….…… Page 9
5 – Conclusion ………………………………………….....…….... Page 9
6 – Bibliography …………………………………………......… Page 10 1- Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to learn how use a variety of tools that will aid in the gathering of data. This data is then used to calculate different measurements including, volume and density. The experiment will also further understanding of measurement errors using the data collected.
2 – Theory
Along with the use of tools for basic
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3.1-Vernier Caliper
First the Vernier Caliper (V.Caliper) was used to measure the diameter of a coin. This was done three times and the measurements as well as the average measurement are recorded in this table labeled Table 1.
Measurement 1 19.0mm Average
Measurement 2
Measurement 3
Table 1 – Coin diameter measurements using the Vernier Caliper
3.2-Micrometer caliper
Next the Micrometer caliper (M. Caliper) was calibrated and the zero correction was determined to be +0.020mm. The M. Caliper was then used to find the diameter of a sample of human hair and coated and uncoated optical fibers. The Zero Correction was added to all measurements and used to determine average diameters or percent differnces. The results are recorded in Table 2.
Human Hair
Coated Fiber
Uncoated Fiber
Percent Difference
Table 2-measured diameters of human hair, coated and uncoated optical fiber, and percent differences for all
3.3-Vernier and Micrometer Caliper
In this step both the V. Caliper and M. Caliper were used. The M. Caliper was used to measure the thickness of a single sheet of paper in a college physics
Determine the volume of the magnet and metal bolt to +/- 0.1 mL using units and sig figs carefully. Measure the mass and calculate the density of the magnet and metal bolt using the correct significant figures and units. Show work for full credit. (2 points)
F. How did the magnet’s density measurement using the Archimedes’ Principle compare to the density measurement using the calculated volume? Which method might be more accurate? Why?
In this lab experiment our main focus was to get skillful in using tools such as the metric ruler, balances, thermometer, and graduated cylinder to capture measurements of length, mass, temperature and volume. Additionally, this lab helped us to become more familiar with the uncertainty of measurements, as well as becoming efficient with rounding our measurements to the correct numbers of significant figures. Our results are measured consistently with rounding to the closest answer we could possibly acquire as the data can tell you.
Look at the calibration marks on your ruler to determine the degree of uncertainty and number of significant figures that can be made when measuring with a ruler.
heavy duty samples as well as your dimensional measurements (length and width in cm) from Part III of this experiment, calculate the height, or thickness, of each sample of aluminum using the formula V l x w x h. In the formula, V stands for volume, l for length, w for width, and h for height. Once again, you will have to use your algebraic skills to manipulate the formula, to solve for height. You must show all your work. (15 pts)
5. The degree of precision was to 3 significant figures obtained with the spectrophotometer. The major source of error in our experiment was not calibrating the spectrophotometer with distilled water.
In Measuring and Understanding Density, several experiments were performed to find density of regularly shaped objects, irregularly shaped objects, liquids and gasses. An additional experiment was done to find the specific gravity of a sampling of liquids. The purpose of the experiment was to provide a better understanding of density and to be able to extrapolate unknowns based upon these calculations. The experiments yielded data in keeping with Kinetic-molecular theory in regards to the density of water versus its temperature. Key measurements and formulae were also used to determine densities of metal and plastic objects as well as irregularly shaped rocks. It is possible to find the density of an object (be it liquid, gas or
To achieve a good volumetric technique, the experimenter needs to be able to correctly complete certain procedures.
The volume of a small test tube and a thin-stemmed pipet were determined in this section of the lab. Water was poured into a small test tube until the water reached the very top edge of the test tube. The test tube was then emptied into a plastic 25 mL graduated cylinder and volume was measured and recorded into data table 3. A think-stemmed pipet was completely filled with water. Drops were carefully counted and emptied into the empty plastic 25 mL graduated cylinder until the water level reached 1 mL. The number of drops in 1 mL was recorded into data table 3. The thin-stemmed pipet had a total volume of 4 mL and that was also recorded into data table 3.
3. The spectrophotometer was set at 420nm. Distilled water was also used as the ‘blank’.
The absorbance is measured using a Plate reader and a Standard curve is generated. Also, the different types of pipetting techniques are assessed in this Assay.
Seeley used an ocular micrometer at x10 magnification. Shell height was measured with calipers. This information was found in the methods section of the paper.
As most people believe, Romans were not the first people to use calipers. The oldest calipers date back to 202BC-220AD. In china brass calipers made of bronze were the first to be used. Early calipers were not used only for measuring but for calculating direction, and reading maps. The Vernier caliper is names after Pierre Vernier, who was born in 1580. He created the well-known Vernier scale, which enables us to measure more precisely. In fact, the Vernier scale increased precision to the tenth of millimeter. We can now measure to .1 millimeter versus just 1 millimeter.
This purpose of this experiment is to calculate the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil. This experiment is necessary because the human eye cannot accurately measure the small thickness of aluminum foil with only a ruler. However, to understand the procedure one needs to understand conversion, density, and volume. Conversion is when one converts one unit to another unit using a conversion factor(e.g. 2.54cm/in). Density is how much mass there is in a certain volume(density=mass/volume) and it stays constant in a substances and mixtures that have the same composition. Volume is the amount of space that an object occupies. The experiment will consist of weighing of aluminum foil, measuring the length and width, then converting these values
This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the results obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments.