Muscle Epidemiology Essay

The knee joints is one of the primary joints stressed when running and thus most of the

Hamstring Strains (HS) are identified by acute pain in the thigh with disruption of the muscle fibres, with 47% of all HS studies stating that the BF muscle is affected (3). This can be explained because the BF muscle tendon and muscle fibres are where the most common distribution of the ground force produced during running (3). Eccentric contraction is explained by a study from Guex (4) stating that between 75-85% of the running cycle the hamstrings are undergoing an active lengthening contraction. Having this amount of eccentric contraction upon the muscles has the potential to cause an overuse injury (4). At 85% of the running cycle, the SM, ST, and BF are stretched by 8.7-12.0% which is beyond their optimum lengths (4).

With patellar dislocation, there are many ways for this injury to occur. One of the most common ways is through contact sports such as football, soccer and lacrosse where there is more of a higher risk to have a patellar injury (Dath, 2006, p. 6). In 2004, Dr. Fiftain recorded that the most prominent sports to manifest anterior knee pain are soccer players, weight lifters, runners, and shooters. From my experience, this pain arises from improper form, sharp movements to the left or right, and prolonged stress on the knee.

Some causes to this disease are due small injuries to the knee area before the knee is finished growing, hence the fact that it is prevalent among miner. The quadriceps muscle affected is key for tasks such as running, jumping or climbing. The quadriceps is a large muscle in the front part of the upper leg. When it squeezes, it straightens the knee. As the quadriceps muscle is continuously

Achilles tendinitis is when the Achilles tendon becomes inflmed. This is the tend that runs from the calf to the back of your heal. You'll find that this tendon is painful and stiff, especially when you are active or when you get up in the morning. This injury occurs when the tendon is put under repetitive stress and often occurs when you add too much distance to your runs too fast. Calf muscles that are tight also contribute to this problem. Do calf stretches, rest the tendon and ice it regularly to reduce pain in the area.

The IT band runs from your hip, across your thigh, to the outside of your knee and connects to the top of your tibia. When running your hip muscles work to stabilize your pelvis. As you rung for long periods of time, these muscles get tired and your hips begin to drop side to side with each forward moving step. As this happens, your knee is forced inward and out of alignment with your foot. Running with your hips dipping side to side and your knee turning inward, your IT band becomes inflamed. This

The athletic trainer discovers whether there is an injury present in the hamstring is through special tests. One of the special tests is called the Weber-Barstow Maneuver Test. “First, the patient begins lying in supine position with his or her heels off the end of the table (Special Tests). “The examiner holds the feet of the patient and places the thumbs over the medial malleoli while providing slight traction to the legs” (Special Tests). “The examiner instructs the patient to flex both knees and hips to place the feet on the table aligned next to each other (line up the medial malleoli)” (Special Tests). “The examiner instructs the patient to bridge his or her hips upward and then

This article is about the fast growing technique of endurance running, which has evolved over the years significantly. Although it may seem like a bit trendy and popular, this particular type of running has its pros and cons. Due to the fact that endurance running includes a various amount of repetitive ground impact forces, it is not unlikely for one to develop a stress injury to the lower leg. In order to decrease the risk that comes along with endurance running, preventative measures should be enforced. When running some of the most common injuries that one may be at risk for are patellofemoral pain syndrome, tibial stress fractures, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendonitis. But in this article, a new study suggests that Barefoot running contains the potential to promote the healing process, increase performance, and decrease injury rates. Still to this day disagreement exists as to whether barefoot/minimalist running stimulates healing, increases performance and decreases injury rates.

Running, it is the simplest of movements: right foot, left foot, right foot, and the simplest of actions: run, relax, and breathe. Many individuals participate in this form of exercise because they enjoy how good it makes them feel, they enjoy feeling the strength of their body while they run, and they enjoy using it as a way of relieving their stress. There are many other factors to take into consideration that effect a persons running such as, the type of footwear they are using, the distance they are running, and the speed of which they are running at. The objective of the main article was to research and compare the differences in stride length, hip, knee and ankle angles in runners when running two different conditions, shod and barefoot, also while running at two

This is part of a group of group of injuries called “overuse injuries”, which are most prevalent in runners and athletes who practice strenuous exercise.

Over striding or bad control of pelvic movement can make the hamstrings vulnerable to injury

Long distance running requires the use of many major muscle groups for performance. Some of the major muscles used during running include the quadricep muscles, hamstrings, soleus (inner calf muscles), gastrocnemius (outer calf muscles), hip flexors, and the gluteal muscles. The use of these muscles are powered by high amounts of oxygen in order to go for long periods of time. This form of exercise is aerobic because it uses the cardiorespiratory system to obtain oxygen in order to sustain physical activity. Oxygen use during long distance running is essential because it is used to burn fats and glucose creating ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as a basic energy cell carrier for the body. Long distance running is also continuous in nature because

Bigorexia as know as muscle dysmorphia and both have definitions. Bigorexia is defined as “a mental disorder characterized by a normal person´s obsession with an imagined defect in physical appearance; also called muscle dysmorphia” and muscle dysmorphia is defined as “a mental disorder primarily affecting males, characterized by obsessions about a perceived lack of muscularity, leading to compulsive exercising, use of anabolic steroids, etc.” in dictionary.com.

Below the glutes and on the back of the thighs are the hamstrings, which include three different muscles: The biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus. The hamstrings work to bring the heel toward the butt (knee flexion) and to move the leg backward (hip extensions).

twitch muscles. Fast twitch muscles have a fast form of myosin ATP and are very