Potential Environmental Impacts of Utilization of ConocoPhillips Fuel Efficient High Performance (FEHP) Lubricant Applications in the Automotive Industry
In some shape or form, nearly all aspects of American life contribute to unnecessary exploitation of natural resources. The automobile is a staple of American life and culture, and perhaps best exemplifies Americans’ dependence on gross quantities of raw materials. On any given day, over 235 million vehicles travel 11 billion miles on U.S. highways, consuming nearly 20 million barrels of oil daily 1,2,3. Worldwide, oil consumption has reached a 16-year high of 80.6 million barrels per day 17. Most important of all, proven oil reserves around the world only provide roughly 40
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Various serious environmental catastrophes may result from continued global warming, one of which is rising sea levels due to the melting of polar ice caps. For the most part however, the global climate system is far too complex to make accurate predictions, but this does not mean that such issues should be ignored. Rather, we should proceed with caution.
Furthermore, rising consumer popularity and low fuel efficiency make for a lethal combination with regards to SUV’s and light trucks. In 1975, SUV’s and trucks accounted for only about 13% of vehicles purchased. The EPA has estimated that SUV’s and trucks will make up nearly 4 times that much in 2004 - 48% of total vehicle sales. Trucks and SUV’s are less fuel-efficient than other automobiles, getting an average of 17 miles per gallon compared to about 25 miles per gallon attained by passenger cars 6. According to these fuel economy and consumer trends, fuel consumption in the United States is only going to increase in the near future. In turn, global climate change will likely grow accordingly with increased CO2 emissions from added gasoline consumption.
Consumer demand for gasoline is an incredibly strong market force, strong enough that many consumers continue to buy the fuel regardless of market price. As of May 10, 2004, average gasoline prices are at an all-time high of $1.941 per gallon across the nation, and up to $2.21 in California 7. Yet
The billion dollar racing industry uses high-octane fossil fuels for competition. Lately, ecologists and governments have begun to highlight the need for the racing industry to switch from high-octane fuels to biofuels. The concern for preserving diesel fuels stems from its non-renewal in nature; however, the racing industry should not be forced to use biofuels because of three primary reasons – performance, cost effectiveness and high infrastructure expenditure.
The Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy began tracking weekly gasoline prices in 1990 by means of a survey of 800 service stations around the country. The average retail price for unleaded gasoline posted its fourth record high during the week of June 12, 2000, increasing 5 cents a gallon to an average of $1.681. The price at the pump is higher than the same period last year by 56 cents and has risen 16.2 cents over the past month (Anonymous, 2000).
Rising temperatures are causing melting glaciers, which cause rising oceans. Rising oceans will envelop entire coastal cities, killing or displacing millions of people. Our food sources will dwindle; entire species of animals will become extinct as we destroy their homes to rebuild; and as our population skyrockets, an unimaginable number of humans will be left homeless, starving, and sick.
America the beautiful, land of the greed and the home of oil. Along with being a major superpower comes an insurmountable thirst for fossil fuels. Imperialist ideals and the corporate oil empire can bring stability and jobs but heavy costs also arise. Numerous solutions have been tried, but without fixing the underlying problem more issues are inevitable. Our over-consumption has an incredible effect on our reliance on foreign oil. OPEC, the Organization of the Oil Producing Countries, has supplied Americans with a constant flow of both oil and jobs. Nevertheless, progression comes with high cost to our environment, in addition to pulling us into international involvements. Increasing the United States’ domestic oil production was just a
While new trucks and cars emit about 90 percent fewer pollutants than they did 30 years ago total annual vehicle miles driven have increased by more than 140 percent since 1970 and are expected to increase another 25 percent by 2010. The emission reductions from individual vehicles have not adequately kept pace with the increase in miles driven. As a result cars and trucks are still the largest single
The Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy began tracking weekly gasoline prices in 1990 by means of a survey of 800 service stations around the country. The average retail price for unleaded gasoline posted its fourth record high during the week of June 12, 2000, increasing 5 cents a gallon to an average of $1.681. The price at the pump is higher than the same period last year by 56 cents and has risen 16.2 cents over the past month (Anonymous, 2000).
Leading scientists advise climate change will cause increases to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities, while the world’s oceans could become too acidic to support coral reefs and other calcifying marine organisms.
The oil acts as a lubricant on the engine’s moving parts. As this gets used, contaminants will build up inside the liquid. This substance makes it much more challenging for different parts of the engine to move freely, in turn, causing your truck to work harder and less effectively.
High gas prices can make you stop and think about your commute. See hybrid car pictures to see models that save you money.In May 2008, average gas prices in the United States approached, and in some places passed, $4.00 a gallon, shattering records. But this was nothing new to American consumers. May was a month of records that broke one after another, and that came on the heels of months of rising prices. And then the cycle continued, with prices eventually falling and then inching toward the $4.00 mark again in 2011.
Climate change can affect global climate patterns, sea level fluctuations, and heat waves. From a statistical source, the chart in source 8 titled, “Average Global Temperature, 1880-2009” shows a gradual spike since the last century. One of the most controversial topics that revolve around Global Warming and Climate Change, being controversial topics themselves, are the polar ice caps. One of the immediate and recordable results of Climate Change, can be seen and recorded and studied from these ice caps. Because of the greenhouse gases being contained within the atmosphere, the gradually increasing warmth could influence the melting rates of these ice caps and glaciers, causing a rippling effect into increasing sea levels as well. In the Vice documentary, it shows how that once these glaciers start to melt and add into the oceans’ rising sea level, low levelled cities and countries would be drowned, becoming relatively sub-sea level, to the rising tide. Many places such as Florida, Thailand, and Bangladesh would be reduced into nothing but oceanic
Due rise in temperatures, icebergs and ice crust will melt, what by the way will force sea-level rise and flood islands and continents. If Earth’s oceans water levels will continue to rise, it may also influence on the amount of fallouts, which may destroy living environment and habitat of different species.
Although the United States isn’t the most expensive place to buy gasoline, American’s feel that their paying too much. American’s use over “25.9%” of the oil used around the world and produce less than half of the amount American’s consume. American’s consume more oil than the whole European Union put together making it very reliant on oil (Wieczorek). Right now, the average price per gallon of gasoline in American is $3.061(November 8, 2007). A month ago we were paying around
Last but not least, global warming has caused the polar ice caps to melt. The melting of the polar ice caps will cause the sea levels to rise all over the world. If the sea levels rise just a metre
ABSTRACT: Waste polythene primarily in the form of used polythene bags, comprises of most of the plastic pollution caused in India. Many processes have been developed to combat this issue which includes pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. This paper states an experiment that was carried out using catalytic cracking using Zeolite (ZSM-5). The catalyst in presence of heat helped to break down the polymer molecules. The experiment gave a product which consisted of 80% grease. The obtained product can be used for various industrial and domestic applications where lubrication is required. The recyclable nature of the catalyst makes this process efficient, affordable as well as environment friendly.
I have taken great efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind of support and help that I received from my respected professors and many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them for their effort. Working on this project on “ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR IC ENGINE” was a means of immense knowledge to me. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Asst. Prof. Padmaraj N H for his guidance and valuable support throughout the course of this project. I acknowledge with a deep sense of gratitude, the encouragement and inspiration received from our faculty members and my dear friends. Who have helped me out with their abilities.