Present Wireless Scenario Consists Of Homogeneous Network And Heterogeneous Networks

In Fig. 1, the 4 nodes are considered. Among the four nodes 2 of the nodes (Node 1 and Node 2) are primary networks and 2 other nodes (Node A and Node B) are secondary networks. The two networks act in different frequency range. The primary network acts at a range of 2.4GHz - 2.4835GHz range. The secondary network acts at a range of 433MHz - 473MHz represents the block diagram of the proposed system. The use of different frequencies increases the number of users. Node 1 and Node 2 communicate at 2.4GHz and Node A and Node B communicate at 433.9MHz. The nodes are made mobile and this causes high interference. This is cancelled by channeling where the frequencies are slotted. Multi-hop cognitive radio technique occurs when the data is transmitted from one secondary node to another which is out of range via primary node. At that time the primary node which is of MIMO antenna switches itself to the secondary node frequency and transmits the data. Wireless MIMO systems with multiple antennas employed at both the transmitter and receiver have gained attention because of their promising improvement in terms of performance and bandwidth efficiency [8].

This paper is organized as follows: Section II will discuss the evolution of mobile wireless networks, Section III will introduce objectives of the 5G mobile network, Section IV will talk about goals to be evaluated in 5G wireless network communications, and Section V will present some concluding remarks.

your response to the following: Imagine you are the network administrator of aWLAN. Give an example of how knowing the 10’s and 3’s Rules of RF Math can helpyou on the job. Include your answers to Case Project 3-5 in your response. Show your work

The market for wireless communications has experienced incredible growth over recent years and wireless LANs have rapidly become a very

Assistance with the current macro cell is required to power the small cells and coordinate with internet and radio backhaul and maintaining the Quality of Service (QOS) in the process [1].

In order to maintain the competitiveness of the 3GPP cellular system, Long Term Evolution (LTE), is developed. For downlink transmission the technique selected is Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In this time and frequency resources are reused in adjacent cells, inter cell interference becomes the crucial limiting factor. This problem can be overcome by using interference mitigation techniques. The

A measure of quality of service in a wireless connection is made using SINR (Signal to noise interference ratio).For the performance evaluation let us consider a an overall network t to be composed of two-tier 19 macrocells, with many femtocells randomly deployed over the macrocells. Then the macro user would be interfered from neighbouring macro cell's (18) and all of the adjacent femtocells. Due to small transmit power, only femtocells which would be located in the 1-tier macrocell area gives interference to macro user. The estimation of the received SINR of a macro user m on subcarrier k, when the macro user is interfered from neighboring macrocells and all the adjacent Femtocells [12] would be given by where P_(M,K) and P_(M^1,K) is transmit power of serving macro-cell M and neighbouring macrocell M’ on subcarrier k, respectively. G_(M,m,K) is channel gain between macro user m and serving macrocell M on subcarrier k. Channel gain from neighbouring macro cells are denoted by G_(M1,m,K) Similarly, P_(F,K) is transmit power of neighbouring femtocell F on subcarrier k. .

Small cell backhaul connects small cells with mobile network operator. As mobile network operators begin to deploy growing numbers of small cells in order to meet the rapidly increasing demand for mobile data capacity, and to utilize the maximum spectrum we use backhaul. The major challenge facing them is how to provide efficient and cost-effective backhaul solution.

A Macrocell user operating in the same band as femtocell users may cause unacceptably high interference levels, if it is close to the femtocell base station supporting the aforementioned femtocell users, and far away from its own macrocell base station. Additionally, the fact that femtocells can be deployed in an ad hoc fashion anywhere within a macrocell, and can be removed as easily, adds to the critical importance of interference management. Notwithstanding the importance of this issue, the concerns listed above renders jointly optimal design of the two networks impractical due to the complexity and overhead associated with a large dynamic network. Consequently, a computationally manageable yet effective interference management strategy is needed. Interference management has been an important design element for multiuser systems in the past two decades. Judicious receiver design for interference limited systems, e.g., CDMA, and multiuser MIMO, proves useful for interference cancellation [3]. In addition to multiuser detection, transmit power control [4], and joint design of transmitters and receivers [5], [6] offer interference mitigation needed in interference limited systems. We note that while our approach does not involve explicit frequency partitioning between the tiers, i.e., relies solely on the space dimensions, allowing for greater flexibility, it is possible to have our scheme accompany a frequency partitioning scheme and increase the number

To bring the 5G network in reality, a simple upgrade of mobile network will not be enough where we just add new spectrum and enhance the capacity or use advanced radio technology. The mobile network will need to upgrade from the system and architecture level down to the physical layer [14]. Some research and standardization already addressing the challenges of 5G networks from radio perspective that includes new spectrum exploration, carrier aggregation, network densification, massive multiple-input-multiple-output and inter-cell interference mitigation techniques. However, there is a new challenge has emerged: the backhaul which provide the connectivities between base stations and the core network [15-17]. Because, one of the key features of 5G network would be dense small cell deployment and due to the heavy traffic cells, the core network will need to support hundreds of gigabits of traffic to the small cells. Today’s backhaul network will be infeasible to meet these extreme requirements in terms of capacity, latency, energy, and cost efficiency [14, 15].

3G and 4G wireless networks can be compared and contrasted by four areas of capabilities: Service and application, network architecture, data throughput and user perception. “Some examples of services offered by 3G wireless networks are CDMA2000 (also known as IMT MultiCarrier (IMTMC), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and EDGE as well as a long list of others while 4G offer Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wimax2) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE- Advance).” (Jamia Yant, 2012, April 26) 3G applications allows users the ability to stream video and audio, video conferencing as well as other multi-media

III. Objectives In our proposed cell breathing technique, the mobile switching centre (MSC) performs the pre-calculation as outlined: Before assigning a call to the base station or access point (AP) of a cell, the MSC will check if the capacity of the cell is exceeded, i.e if it is getting overloaded. In case of overloading, the received power of the client (to whom the call is directed) decreases below the threshold. As such, the MSC searches which neighboring AP transmits optimum power to this client and has free load i.e. its current load is less than its maximum capacity. Once such an AP is found, its coverage area is expanded to serve the client of the neighboring AP and MSC assigns the client to this new AP. Thus the overloading call is not dropped and the grade of service is improved. Unlike previous works on cell breathing, where the radius of the

Thus while Macro cell can provide a wider coverage, in high density areas small cells can be used for data offloading, both indoors and outdoors. This architecture shown in Fig. 1 results in Heterogeneous Network. Thus Het-nets have been introduced in the LTE-Advanced to provide increased throughput and capacity [5]. But there are some implementation issues associated with Het- Nets

In MANETs, routing and resource management are done in a distributed manner; that is, all nodes coordinate to enable communications among themselves. This requires each node to be more intelligent so that it can operate both as a network host for transmitting and receiving data, and as a network router for forwarding packets for other nodes. There are currently two type of mobile wireless networks. The first is known as the infrastructure Centralize Topology or as a fixed structure networks as shown in Figure 1.4. The bridges for these networks are known as base stations (BS). A mobile node within these networks connects and communicates with the nearest BS that is within transmission range. As the mobile goes out of range of one

The concentration of small cells in a network increases; measures need to be taken in order to ensure that the QoS is not degraded for the macrocell users as well as its nearest small cells. Interference managing in Heterogeneous Network in critical position .This is characteristically attained completed bright resource allocation schemes for small cells. In Heterogeneous Network, the mobile network is constructed with layers of small and large cells. This architecture is faced with the task of supply allocation (power, channel, time) for small cells in order to guarantee reliable and high quality service to both primary (macrocell) users as well as secondary (femtocell) users. In mobile network all users can be considered as nomadic, in the form of microcells, hot-spots, circulated antennas and relays becomes predictable. Therefore, for the deployment of the LTE systems the FAPs get a critical inspiring subject, mostly relating to the technical and business influences that it could signify and the method they could be combined efficiently into the LTE building.