questions in the survey questionnaires. The use of the latter type of questioning is to allow the informant provide more details to some closed-ended questions that may need further elaborations. The questionnaires will be organized in six modules. The first module will delve into socio-cultural origin and background of the respondents, specifically ask questions pertaining to: their immigration and citizenship status, their length of stay in Canada, place of origin, ties with place of origin, communal ties in Canada (whether with people of similar cultural origins and/or people of other cultures). The second module will probe the general health and physical status of informant; soliciting information on frailty, the overall perception of health, current and past health issues, as well as, mobility and commuting habits. The third module will ask further questions pertaining to multimorbidity: whether respondent/their dependents suffer from one or more chronic diseases or conditions, the types of chronic conditions or ailment, how long they or their dependents have lived with such conditions. The fourth module will delve into the use of CAM and the general health seeking behaviour in using CAM. Questions under this module will explore: whether the respondent use CAM (past 12 months and past years), the type of CAM used, whether it has respondent’s ethnocultural orientation (probe further into how gained access to the remedy: sourced in Canada are brought from country of
The first eight questions pertain to each participant’s personal information (e.g. age, gender, race, etc.) as well as their lifestyles (e.g. activity level, employment, etc.). The next question determines whether or not the participant will answer the next four questions or skip down to question thirteen and fourteen. This style of questionnaire is referred to as branching questionnaire and allows for the questionnaire respondent to move through the questions a different way depending on their answer
Questionnaires are “a series of questions asked to individuals to obtain statistically useful information about a given topic” (Bryant, L, 2014). There are different types of questionnaires that include face to face, phone, post and online.
4. What are the limitations of the survey method, and how would you overcome the limitations of this research method, or any research approach?
Starting with the introduction of the survey they seemed to be too specific in their intro of what was going to be in the survey by describing each type of question that would be presented throughout the survey. I feel like this information isn’t necessary and over excessive in an introduction. That part of the introduction should be taken out and instead maybe include something along the lines of “Please read every question carefully and thank you for participating” or something along those lines.
Answers to these questions will be considered as part of your application file and will be used to evaluate your candidacy. Please focus your answers on skills and abilities that apply to the job you are seeking.
A questionnaire is research which involves a number of different questions to gather information from the people who are filling it in. Questionnaires are designed as a way to find out what people are thinking. An advantage of questionnaires is that it is very practical because it is quick to collect information from the people filling out the questionnaire. Another advantage of questionnaires is that the same questions is asked to everyone filling the questionnaire out so easy to sum up. The final advantage to questionnaires is that large information can be collected. There are also some disadvantages to questionnaires which is that there is no way of telling how much though someone who is filling the questionnaire out has put it. Another disadvantage is that the person filling it out may forget what has happened to fill it out so it won’t be reliable. The final disadvantage to questionnaires is that there is no way to tell how truthful a respondent is being.
Throughout the 77 responses survey, I noticed some unfair and bias things that changed the outcome of the survey. One example is that 60 out of 77 responses came from 9th graders. From a ninth grader’s perspective, we view things a lot differently than 10th through 12th graders. There is a big maturity gap between 9th and 12th graders, and that affects the survey a lot. For example we do not like the sophomores, which of course means the sophomores are going to be voted for most rude, we don’t care for them. Another thing that I noticed was that there is a lack of upperclassmen taking the survey. There are 15 seniores in the survey, which is not bad, but there are no juniores. Upperclassmen are the “head” of the high school, and it makes all
The broad aim of this proposed research is to examine Canada’s ethnocultural diversity and the use of CAM, specifically comparing the health-seeking behaviour and care use behaviour of Canadian residents of SSA origin with the rest of the populace. Additionally, the proposed research seeks to critically examine geographical, economic, biological, socio-cultural and prevailing health policy on CAM, and how these broader factors contribute to the less use of CAM among the elderly as compared to the younger people. These two broader aims are the gaps in CAM research both in Canada and other western countries. The proposed research seeks to achieve the following specific objectives:
Although the class has not had input into the methodology used to collect the data for this report it is still important for us to know why these methods were used. Questionnaires can be useful in order to get opinions and views from a large groups of people (McLeod 2014), such like conditions for the research for this reports. This can be useful as this can be an easier way of targeting a larger audience other than in interview purposes. This will also be more time consuming as everyone is answering the same questions.
“Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research.” (Sekaran, 2003) Data can be collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and through other techniques, like projective tests. In even more detail, interviews can be conducted in a variety of different ways such as over the phone, through the computer, interviews through the electronic media, and face-to-face. Questionnaires can be conducted personally or administered electronically. “Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and observing people and phenomena are the three main data collection methods in survey research.” (Sekaran, 2003) As stated before, data can be collected in many different ways; however the value of the research is only greatly enhanced when personal opinions and bias is left out of the collection of data.
The procedure used to collect information for the research study is a survey and the techniques used were interview and questionnaire. An interview is when questions are posed to an individual to obtain information (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Methods & Types, n.d.). A questionnaire is a series of written questions a participant answers (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Methods & Types, n.d.). Follow- up questionnaires were administered to participant face- to- face and participants who were living long distance were interviewed by telephone.
There was a total of 236 participants in this survey, 173 of them being female (as shown in Table 1). The survey was distributed through various social media outlets, including: Facebook, Group Me, Twitter, email, and other online sites. The survey was intended for University of Pittsburgh undergraduate students, but due to being posted on social media, there is a possibility our survey was taken by students at other universities. We originally had 313 participants, but 77 were excluded due to their failure to complete the quality check question, or because they did not fully complete the survey by not giving us their year in school information. Materials and Procedure
The strength of questionnaires is it can give an insight into respondent’s thoughts and opinions and also cost efficient as it is inexpensive.
Starting in 1972, the General Social Survey (GSS) used a four-category response scale for respondents to answer a question on how they view their own health, known as the self-reported health question (SRH) (Smith 2005, 1). The four-categories used were: poor, fair, good, and excellent (Smith et al. 2017, 385) Starting in 2002, the GSS started using both a four and five-category scale for people to respond to the SRH (Smith et al. 2017,1537). The five-category scale used the same measures from the four-category scale, but also included “very good” as the fifth option. The question is: which response category form gives a better ability to determine SRH among people?
In survey method research, participants answer questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written so they are clear and easy to comprehend.