Radiographic Stereotypes

Overall the patient had excellent homecare and was a Calculus Level One. There weren’t any risk factors discussed with this patient, but her concern about the throbbing in her upper jaw was addressed. Her general goal of the appointment was to keep her plaque score the same or lower since she was at 14%. She was a Periodontal Case Type Two based on the bleeding from probing, bone loss, and previous radiographs. The patient said she has been flossing more and is really trying to maintain her plaque score.

Mouth. Oropharynx absent of lesions and/ or exudates. Mucus membranes, gingivae pink and moist. Upper and lower teeth are present. Multiple fillings in good repair. Tongue pink and smooth. Protrudes midline. No abnormal movements/ tremor noted.

Osteosarcoma(OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone which is characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. Although it is the most common malignancy of long bones after multiple myeloma [2], it is a relatively rarer entity in the craniofacial region. About 6% of Oss arise in the jaws .The estimated incidence of the new cases of Jaw OS (JOS) per year is 0 .07 in 100,000. (1) The etiology of OS is unknown, but some risk factors such as a previous history of ionizing radiation, alkylating agent, retinoblastoma and benign bone lesions such as paget disease and fibro osseous dysplasia have been associated with the development of head and neck OS.(2-4) JOS occur with a peak in the third through fifth decades of life. The mean age is

An orofacial examination was performed to assess the structural and functional integrity of the oral mechanism. The exam did not reveal anything of clinical significance.

The images pictured above are bite-wing radiographic images. A bite-wing image includes the crown of maxillary and mandibular teeth, interproximal areas, and areas of the crestal bone, which is the coronal portion of the alveolar bone also known as the alveolar crest, on the same image. Bite-wing images usually are used to detect interproximal caries and for the detection of early carious lesions that are not clinically evident. Bite-wing radiographic images are also used to monitor the progression of dental caries, assessing existing restorations, and examining the alveolar crest levels between the teeth. The receptors appear to be placed correctly as they are parallel with the crown of the tooth, also both the first and second molars are

PA X-rays provide a visual of assessment of tooth and supporting bone structure, detect abnormalities in an area of teeth from the crown to where the root is anchored to the jaw. This is performed to find abnormalities in root structure and surrounding bone.

First studies looked for abnormalities within craniofacial structures using techniques and processing common in medical imaging such as cephalometry or computed tomography (CT). In [6] authors applied sophisticated volumetric analysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the

Dentistry is a field of exactness and the upmost precision. Today, most dentist continue to use the limited 2D plaster models that only show the teeth and gums from a lateral position showing only the outside and the inside of the mouth. Plaster models tend to only show the visible, apparent problems that may be wrong with a patient but cannot effectively showcase the many other possibilities that may be causing a patient to have malocclusions and misalignments of the jaw. Cone beam computed tomography shows the roots of the teeth with precision while also displaying the bones in the head so that any anomaly can easily be noticed and allow for easier work. There have also been specific studies to determine how each person varies in their nasal passages and how this can cause certain problems in each case. Overall, Cone Beam Computed Tomography proves to be the best option for orthodontists to use because it accurately scans the facial structure and teeth allowing for the ultimate amount of precision by orthodontists when dealing with the amount of space teeth need to be moved and compare that with the forces particularly required to achieve a satisfactory product. With this being said, Cone Beam Computed Tomography should be pushed widespread into the field of Orthodontics so that in cases of great complexity patients with the proper health can be properly helped with their situations. This technology can successfully bring the accuracy into the field needed to deal

Odontogenic Keratocyst: it is an odontogenic developmental cyst lesion with unique microscopic appearance. It is usually multilocular and lateral periodontal cyst is not. This lesion is most often seen in the mandibular third molar, but lateral periodontal cyst is frequently located on the mandible in relation to the premolars and lateral incisors.

A year later in 1988 Gardner et al. [2] reported eight other cases and called the lesions glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) because there was a mucin structure in the cyst epithelium that

Dentigerous cyst is a common developmental odontogenic cyst, mostly seen in relation with impacted mandibular third molars and maxillary canines. Usually, they are asymptomatic and this delays the diagnosis. A combination of clinical, radiographic, and histopathological examination is necessary for arriving at the final diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is mandatory to prevent dreadful

Head and Neck: Patient skull is of normocephalic, atraumatic and without masses. The patient 's facial expression and facial contours are normal. The parotid glands are normal. The sinuses are non-tender. Palpation of the temporal and masseter muscles reveals normal strength of muscle contraction. There is symmetry of the nasolabial folds. There is no facial droop noted. Trachea midline. Thyroid is smooth, no goiter or

Salivary gland tumors are a morphologically diverse group of neoplasms, which may present considerable diagnostic and management challenges for the pathologist and surgeon. Salivary gland tumors are rare with an overall incidence in the western world of about 2.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 per year. About 80% of all lesions are benign; hence salivary malignancies are particularly rare, comprising less than 0.5% of all malignancies and about 5% of cancers in the head and neck. (1)

“To show the varied oral presentations of multiple myeloma, illustrating the importance of carefully surveying the oral cavity for suspicious lesions that could be indicative of palpable disease and/or recurrence”.1

Impacted mandibular third molars with Class I, II or III and Position A, B or C, according to the Pell and Gregory classification on intra oral periapical radiograph.