Statistical Data Were Collected By Using The Statistical Package Of Social Sciences Using A Paired Variance T Test

Statistical Techniques. All forms of data collection used in this study were given as self-reported questionnaires (excluding the physical distancing test) then later measured using various statistical techniques. Some of the surveys given were compared to previous statistical research data that served as a comparison of average survey scores. Specifically, in this study,

The information used in this report was gained from several different sources. For example, I have used information from my P4 survey, as well as my P3, M2 presentation and my M1 table of various data collection methods.

In the study, the between-groups design and the cross-sectional design were used for research. There were 243 participants between the ages of 18 and 39, and the majority were females and Caucasians. The average age was about 21 years old.

The t-test for independent means was used to compute the average scores of one or more variables between the two unrelated groups (between groups). The participants were tested once. The researcher conducted an independent t-test to compare group means

Manual muscle testing will be tested to assess the strength in muscles used for running such as the prime/strong muscles which are the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. This will also determine the weakness in muscles such as the plantarflexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexion, and knee extension. Also, range of motion will be tested on the tight muscles such as the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. When the muscles are tight, the runner will increase the risk of injury (Schipper, 2009). Gait analysis will be used to examine deficits to body function, stability, and describe how the patient will be running. This will help determine the patient’s biomechanics and achieve adequate mobility. Lastly, we will perform a pain assessment to see what pain level the patient is at when running. This will help determine whether the patient is minimizing stress on the body to achieve no pain at all while running. To monitor progress of these assessments, we must know that if these “muscles are weak or become fatigued easily, there is less control of the leg and the risk of injury increases" (Schipper, 2009, paragraph

The main focus in the first stage of the rehabilitation problem will be to get 100% range of movement back into the athletes injured knee with no pain being suffered as he currently only has 70% range of movement and 2 months post-surgery the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic suggest that he should have full range of movement (ROM) in his knee (Werstin, 2009). It will hope to achieve this by introducing closed kinetic chain exercises (CKC) which are exercises that use a resistance such as squats and bicycling (Heijne et al, 2004) but also must remember that it is just as vital to maintain the highest level of strength and function possible in the unaffected knee as well, this is important as during the program we will use the unaffected leg as a comparison to assess the progress of the affected knee (Hiemstra et al, 2000). These have been chosen as according to Fleming et al 2003, CKC

The doctors and authors had strong evidence that when patients visited the treatment center and when directed to do physical exercise at home by a doctor, all patients whether directed to come into a clinic or do their exercises at home, all patients had shown significant improvements with the recovery of their knees. The study had proven that the patients who were directed to come into a clinic instead of doing physical therapy at home had proven to be a better off then the patients who did their physical therapy in the comfort of their own home. The patients progress was tested by a six minute walk that they completed a couple times during and after physical therapy was finished. “Both groups showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in six minute walk distances and WOMAC scores at 4 weeks; improvements were still evident in both groups at eight

The type of data the author collected were questionnaires that were given to the participants of the study to obtain demographic data on each participant’s age, race, marital status, education, and their knowledge of the

| Based on explicit knowledge and this can be easy and fast to capture and analyse.Results can be generalised to larger populationsCan be repeated – therefore good test re-test reliability and validityStatistical analyses and interpretation are

Data used in this study is from a previously prepared collection for a different study and hence does not require any instruments. Use of Microsoft Excel and graphpad, an online software, helped in calculating the results and analyzing the data.

There were few significant differences in knee extensor and knee flexor muscle activity during walking with robotic assistance. Significant differences in muscle activity across condition only occurred in muscles targeted for intervention (knee extensor, VL), with an increase in muscle activity during the EXO condition, a positive result for an extensor muscle. Although some undesirable increases in MH flexor muscle activity were seen in the linear envelopes, they did not present significant changes the statistical analysis on the group level. Muscle activity did not change significantly across visits with the exoskeleton.

The software program SPSS for Windows (Version 11, 2002, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was utilized for all statistical analyses. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) was used to compute quantitativevariables, whereas qualitative variables were expressed as percentages and frequencies. The Fischer’s exact test was employed to assess differences in proportions and associations among categorical data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically

Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test paired sample (SPSS software), which is used to compare the results obtained by the participants at pre-test and post-test. Since the scores are obtained the same individuals, they are called dependent averages.

The objective of this chapter is to describe the procedures used in the analysis of the data and present the main findings. It also presents the different tests performed to help choose the appropriate model for the study. The chapter concludes by providing thorough statistical interpretation of the findings.

Data analyzed using computer program of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 21), level of significance was set on values equal to or less than 0.05 for all analysis.