Green Marketing Theory
Since the 1970s, non-mainstream marketing concepts have started challenging traditional mainstream marketing concepts. For example, traditional marketing strategies resulted in over-exploitation, waste of resources and enterprises ignored environment deterioration. Under such strategies, enterprises only concern profit but ignores harms to consumers’ health and destroys the balance of environment. Because of these, the marketing theoretical circle started a serious discussion on how to balance the relationship of business operation and environment protection. Many influential marketing theories were raised.
In 1979, Henion first presented the definition of greeen marketing. He assumed that the programs and activities of green markeintg are foucing on the environment –friendly sectors, According to Chamorro and Bañegil, green marketing is the way to conceive exchange relationships that goes beyond consumers’ current needs while taking social interest in protecting the natural environment into consideration (Chamorro & Bañegil, 2006, p. 12). Likewise,
Green marketing defined by Soonthonsmai (2007) as organizations that are concern about ecology or green problems provide the environmentally friendly goods or services. Actions carried by organizations can bring satisfaction to consumers and the community. Rahman, Reynolds, and Svaren (2011) also define green marketing in the journal article “how ‘green ‘are North American hotels?” Referring to their
As defined in Samson and Daft (2012, p. 157) ethics is the code of moral principles and values that governs the behavior of a person or a group with respect to what is right or wrong. In today’s society when we are all environmentally conscious about the products that we buy and what the impact it has on the environment there has been a demand for green products which becoming growing problem in today’s current market place. Green washing as defined in business studies in action is the practice of making a misleading or deceptive claim about the environmental benefits of a product, business practice or technology in order to present a positive public image and according to a New York biologist Jay Westerveld and environmentalist, the term green washing in a 1986 essay organizations spend more time and money advertising that they are green than on actually putting into place environmentally friendly practices. The term green washing is now used to refer to all industries that adopt green acts with the sole purpose is to increase profits.
The Marketing process is made up of simple concepts that involve lots of research on the part of the marketer. The process begins with understanding the consumer, without knowing what consumers need or want, it would be extremely hard for firms to both develop and sell a product. Knowing that consumers want more green products due to growing environmental concerns is a very important detail. Needs and wants are what fuel consumer purchases and marketers must perform research in order to best serve their customers. Through this research, marketers are led to the next step of the process and can now develop a customer driven marketing strategy. Here, the firm must decide how it will differentiate its product from others on the market.
Management is faced with many decisions when considering the environmental factors that affect marketing. This includes global economic interdependence, demographics, cultural differences, social responsibility, ethics, and technology. It is imperative for a company to understand how these factors can greatly affect the outcome of a company’s marketing plan.
Additionally, the study found that hotels with a non-financial reporting control system were more likely to adopt an environmental policy. In 1996, when this article was published, green policies were considered stratagems instead of bonafide, widespread business strategies for all hotels to take into consideration to participate in environmentally-responsible business practices. The author concludes that until environmental concerns become strategic issues added into the control system with rewards, the response will remain the same; green policies and practices will be considered stratagems.
According to Gino Van Ossel (2012) " Today, leading companies in the world and Turkey have begun to change their production and marketing strategies accordingly, as environmental awareness becomes more important.” Green marketing predicts that it will include green qualities from product packaging to the stage where it becomes waste after its final use, and for this purpose, consumers give priority to informative signs and explanations in the product or service presentation phase.
Think green! Eco-friendly product! These slogan are often used for items being advertised in the green marketing campaigns. Green marketing is the advertising of products that stated they were safe for the environment. Products were changed to be part of the green marketing movement from changing formulas, packaging process, and advertising them. When the products were advertised to consumers they used images of foliage, the color green, and other images of nature. This appealed to consumers who wanted to have a positive impact on the environment. However, the green marketing was not only to reduce waste and pollution into the environment, but as well for the minimizing and simplifying the way of living for people. The consumers who would radically change their way of living often relocates somewhere where nature is more abundant than in the city. Additionally, materialistic people would
The marketing plan for Greenworld would be developed according to ‘the marketing strategy process’ proposed by Hooley et al (2004).
As a result, there has been a global need to avert this situation. Consumers have responded to this by being environmentally conscious in their purchasing decisions and buying environmentally-friendly products (Laroche, Bergeron & Barbaro-Forleo, 2001). They have increased their consumption of green products, which have in turn increased the focus on green marketing. Green marketing is the development of a marketing mix which caters to a specific target market who desire products/services which are environmentally friendly (Priebe, 2010).
Today, society is cluttered with marketing activities, and these activities surround us constantly. Among the issues of marketing, a vital part that influences human roles and activities is “environment”, more specifically the “green environment”. The green environment is now a leading concern for marketers. Moreover, on a global level, there is an increased awareness of global warming and adverse climatic conditions and as a result there is a spur in interest toward environmental protection and sustainable development. This study attempts to find out if Australian young consumers’ pro-environmental concerns, awareness and knowledge about environment related issues impact their buying behavior to prefer and buy eco-friendly products and pay a premium price for such products.
Overall, the findings suggest that age plays little to no part in what form of environmental behavior one engages in, except for 2010. Age for that year was seen as a negative predictor of engaging in either behavior set. Income likewise was only found to be significant in the final year and only for green consumerism. This is what I expected to find; however, it was somewhat unexpected that income was not significant in any of the previous years for green consumerism given the behaviors reliance on having a disposable income. This finding may result because of how each construct was created and the use of different items, but it also may be that in past years there were fewer products that one could buy that were major income investments. With the creation of hybrid and all electric cars there are more options that require a larger investment than in past years. Thus, income may only now
Dissertation Title: Green Marketing or Greenwashing: a critical review of organisational attitudes towards promotion of their environmental initiatives
Cultural and social norms are constantly evolving in today’s consumer environment, thus influencing the consumption experience (Arnould & Thompson, 2005). The Green Island consumer experience has been greatly influenced by the fact that current culture encourages recycling and sustainability. A cultural
In today’s day and age, everyone is concerned about the environment. Our society is increasingly encouraged to “go green,” to do our part in making the world a cleaner, more eco-friendly place. Green marketing is one major strategy being used to promote such efforts, but is it effective? There is some debate about this concept, including the history of green marketing, the problems with green marketing so far, the effectiveness of marketing schemes like Sunchips and Toyota, and the strategies that could be used to increase the ability of green marketing. While protecting our planet is a noble concept, its execution seems to be a little vague. Of all the aspects concerning green marketing, one thing is clear: our planet still has a long
Sustainability development as explained by the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987, means a “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Given the fact that sustainability is result of effective production, consumption and marketing patterns and behaviors, now the next question that stands unanswered is, what is the role of marketers in achieving sustainable development?.
El marketing en el contexto socio - ambiental, permite analizar los aspectos culturales que inciden con la aplicación de estrategias de marketing que se traducen a una investigación de mercados, permitiendo, verificar los productos y servicios que generan las empresas, establecer nuevas y mejores estrategias para conquistar los mercados objetivos y sobre todo confrontar la relación: empresa - mercadotecnia – clientes, basado en un nuevo modelo conceptual de marketing responsable, buscando estrategias que contribuyan a lograr la responsabilidad social de las empresas y los consumidores, donde se priorice el respeto por el ser humano, el cuidado y preservación del ambiente. El problema que enfrenta la sociedad es la contaminación ambiental, debido a la cantidad de desechos que generan los productos y de manera especial los envases que estos utilizan y que son arrojados en cualquier lugar, es necesario replantear la dimensión del marketing, para conseguir mensajes asertivos y dinámicos que contribuyan a posicionar ideas de conciencia social, que apoyen al buen vivir de la comunidad, basados en aspectos culturales y emocionales, partiendo de una estructura fáctica de investigación incorporando metodología sistémica, histórica y dialéctica para construir adecuadamente la información que ayude al cambio de conducta, en las empresas y las personas.