The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Health care spending equates to approximately 40% of all provincial/territorial budgets, making health care the single largest expenditure (CIHI, 2015). Of this, Hospital, drug and physician expenditure

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health and wellbeing (Maggie & Scaffa, 2013). It has three key strategies including advocate, enable, and mediate (Tucker, Vanderloo, Irwin, Mandich & Bossers, 2014). Health promotion is through these three strategies that aim to achieve the five actions of the Ottawa Charter which include build healthy public policy; create supportive environments; strength community action; develop personal skills; and reorient health services (Tucker, Vanderloo, Irwin, Mandich & Bossers, 2014). In addition, the values of the health promotion include empowerment; equity and social justice; health as a human right; health as a holistic concept; and respect for cultural diversity (Tucker, Vanderloo, Irwin, Mandich & Bossers, 2014). There are a wide ranges of specific interventions, such as back education program for school children to improve back posture,

Public health approaches distinguishes the role played by outside factors that influence individuals and their immediate health system. The established programs, policies and services that are trying to create supportive health within a wide range of social and economic contexts seek to empower many to exercise control over their own health and improve the ability to work together within their profession. For example health promoting schools collaborate together to protect the health of students through a supportive school environment, these programs include Mind Matters which looks at the mental health and wellbeing of young people. Overall this positively influences young people as it promotes for a supportive health environment as it advocates so a broad range of people for all different areas of life although similar to the Lifestyle and behavioural approaches it allows for individuals

WHO’s definition of a ‘setting’ in the context of Health Promotion is ‘the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organisational and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing’ (WHO, 1998). The core concept of the approach is dictated in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986. It involves initiating and maintaining a ‘supportive environment for health’ (WHO, 1986) and supports broader efforts of health promotion interventions, incorporating multiple determinants of health at a time. The SBA to HP values public participation, supportive social networks, empowerment, community, and health awareness. This approach aims to achieve positive health outcomes by embedding a health promoting concept into the organisational structure of a central setting such as a school, workplace or prison. It acknowledges a key connection between environment and wellbeing and works to achieve a more sustainable and long-term

The ‘Close the Gap’ campaign is a health promotion initiative that focuses on the lifestyle and decisions of indigenous people in Australia as well as explaining how the Australian government needs to focus on closing the gap of poor health between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Through the ‘Close the Gap’ campaign it advocates the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter, which are of the following:

All learning and exploring is positive and nurturing. The environment needs to encourage children’s development. It’s how children feel positive and confident about their sense of self and their individual accomplishments. Their space needs to provide a balance of challenge, risk and safety.

It is crucial to understand what makes a community healthy, as public health is concerned with health promotion of population rather than an individual focus (Department of Health (DOH) 2012). Wanless (2004) defines public health as a “science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting through the organised effort and informed of the society, organisations, communities and individuals”. It focuses on an entire population addressing the health needs of the population, working in a partnership with an individual, communities, health worker, health agencies and

The health promotion initiative is science and system design to improve and promote health in a specific community. I have a very strong experience in the Bronx where I have spent most of my time and raise my kids and a careful study of the inhabitants who are serious to make earns meet are lucking the time to take care of their personal life. Taking my formal neighborhood (white plain road) for example is an area being underestimated by so many people because of selling of weed, drugs, prostitution, shoplifting etc. But for one to live in that area, you need to have either a good job or do double in other to meet your needs. As a result of that, the inhabitants do not have time for themselves, an example is to eat well, exercise visits their

The “Health for All by the Year 2000” movement was developed by The World Health Organisation with the aim to promote health and provide an improved quality of life worldwide (WHO 1986b). The World Health Organisation later developed a set of standards for delivering health promotion. These standards state that patient’s must be provided with information on important issues regarding their illness or condition and health promotion interventions should be recognised in all service users care pathways. The standards also necessitate that every hospital has a written procedure for health

This concludes that driving with safe care and paying attention will help you avoid car accidents.

For this health promotion assignment, the subject I have chosen to discuss is sexually transmitted infections (STI’s). STIs are spread from one person to another through intimate sexual contact but can also spread through non-sexual means such as via the blood or from mother to child during pregnancy (World health organisation (WHO), 2016). According to Mudhar (2013) groups that are particularly at a higher risk are young adults, men who have sex with men (MSM), black African and Caribbean communities. With more than one million STI’s acquired everyday worldwide, it is a major public health issue within society (WHO, 2016). Even though the overall health of the population in England has significantly improved over the past 50 years because of the highly valued NHS, health inequalities are still a dominant feature of health across all regions in England and many people still find it hard to accept that serious health inequalities still exist (Marmot, 2010).

The Ottawa Charter first came into existence at the First International Health Promotion Conference in Ottawa, Canada 21 November 1986. Here, a never before charter of such reputed importance was forged that not only promoted health, but also implemented various strategies that an individual, group or community could adhere to in order to achieve a healthy overall well-being by the year 2000. The context in which the Ottawa Charter was created is of great significance. Essentially, the Charter was forged during the age of technology i.e. televisions/telephones etc. This enabled the Charter to broadcast Health Promotion on an international scale and thus

At the community/organisational level of health promotion is based on the Ottawa charter action area of ‘strengthen community action’ it increases access to health information, community involvement in health initiatives whilst empowering the community to make their own choices. (Who.int, 2016) An example of this can be displayed through the St George Illawarra Dragons community

Traffic laws are designed to protect you and other drivers on the road. If we do not follow them we are not only putting ourselves at risk but also innocent bystanders and drivers. By knowing the rules of the road, practicing good driving skills and generally taking care as a road user, you help play a vital role in preventing a crash. You will also be making road safety policies more effective. Many factors play a role in road safety including following the speed limits that are posted and making sure safety equipment is properly installed and used. I will also discuss the skills that are expected and needed to be an efficient driver including the ability to act responsibly, the ability to

Health promotion aims a wide range of targets at different levels in the community. The huge benefits resulted from health promotion and disease prevention efforts make many realize that this domain of health care is worth to be invested in. The focus is shifted evermore from the medical to the preventative approach, from treating the disease to avoiding the onset of it.