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Theories Of Motivation And Motivation

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2.2 Motivation
Kressler (2003, 1-2) defines motivation as a rationale behind human behavior; anyone who has motives is motivated and has reasons and causes for their actions and inaction. Rationale to work is generally a combination of necessity to work, to satisfy individual needs and to avoid frustration. However motivation is highly personal and people react differently to motivational factors. Armstrong (2006, 317) continues that motivation has three dimension; direction that tells what person is trying to do, effort which explains how hard persons is trying and persistence that clarifies how long person keeps on trying. Motivation shortly is a goal-directed behavior where actions lead to a valued reward and as Pinder (2008, 11) defines: “Work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond individual’s being to initiate work-related …show more content…

However not in all organizations employees are responsible of their career development and it might need managerial presence in order to be achieved. For that rewards like incentives, promotions, praises and appraisals are created. It is how-ever argued whether rewards affect to work motivation or just the quality of working life since it is commonly agreed that monetary rewards like bonuses or incentives have only short time effect on human behavior and motivation is a long run matter. Cam-eron&Pierce (2002, 11) even claimed that money or other high rewards can be harmful or lead to negative motivation if they are frequently used since employees might get used to it and when monetary rewards are being discontinued it can make them do less and more importantly enjoy less of their doing since there is no reward

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