Participants
This study will include questions to be answered on a 5-point Likert scale. Therefore, assuming a population mean of 3 and a margin of error of 1, an ideal sample size would be 36. Based on the design of this project it is likely the sample will be as low as 7. The participants in the study will consist of psychology graduate students from a New England university. The participants will be volunteers that respond to an invitation posted on the University’s MS Psychology Lounge, an online gathering hub for psychology students.
Materials
A questionnaire derived from existing questionnaires; the brief COPE (Carver, 1997) and the LOT-R (Scheier et al., 1994), will measure participants’ use of certain coping strategies and
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Variations of the LOT and LOT-R have also shown consistent reliability and validity. Carvajal (2012) used only the positively-worded questions from the LOT-R and Kubzansky et al. (2004) reworded the questions in the LOT to change the question’s tone (positive vs. negative), both studies showed internal consistency with the original questionnaires.
Procedure
The questionnaire for this study will consist of six questions from the brief COPE (Carver, 1997) to measure the participants’ use of certain coping strategies, six questions from the LOT-R (Scheier et al., 1994) to measure the participants’ optimism level, and three questions to quantify health related activities of the participant.
An expected outcome of this study is that coping strategies associated with high-stress tolerance will positively correlate to higher optimism levels of the participants. Of the fourteen sub-categories in the brief COPE, three subcategories are more strongly correlated with high-stress tolerance than the others (Carver, 1997 and Welle & Graf, 2011). These sub-categories are active coping, positive reframing, and planning. The six questions in this study will utilize the two questions associated with these three sub-categories. The
Upon reviewing the results of completing my personal results, I found that some of the personal responses that were selected from the COPE Inventory were truly related to the situations that have been an ongoing challenge. Some of the data selected was either based on emotional responses or those problem situations which were related to stressful situations that have remained consistent.
Due to this background, the researchers attempted to answer the seemingly dichotomous interaction between stress and mental health in this population. They hypothesized that “goal-striving stress would be inversely related to mental health and that striving-related coping strategies, such as racial attribution and John Henryism, would moderate the relationship between goal-striving stress and mental health” (514) Furthermore, the researchers hypothesized “interactions between goal-striving stress and two coping resources—racial attribution and John Henryism” (514). Finally, a third hypothesis is that the active coping style called John Henryism should act as a buffer when it comes to goal-striving stress (514).
The participants were 20 men and 60 women with ages ranging from 17 to 26. The participants were from different majors at Texas State University and were recruited from introductory psychology classes. The participants were 51% Caucasian, 38% Hispanic, 4% African American, and 7% other. The participants were not
The sample for this study consisted of 222 participants who were second year psychology students from the University of Newcastle. All students were participating as part of a course requirement and all had given their consent to participating in the study.
c. Procedures used & Description of “what they did”. - Each participant was given a set of four different self-report questionnaires. 1. The English Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire asked participants to provide a list of their six daily worry subjects. 2. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire to determine how often they worry about said subject and the level of worry it causes them. 3. The English Why Worry II, a questionnaire that pertained only to positive beliefs. 4. The Metacognitions Questionnaire; a tool that measures beliefs, memory and through awareness.
The materials used for this study included PsychMate Student Version 2.0 (St. James, Walter Schneider and Amy Eschman.) Psychology Software Tools, Inc. Along with the PsychMate software, a computer provided by Queens College was used in order to successfully complete the study.
The coping appraisal process takes into account the response efficacy and self-efficacy. In addition to these two constructs the cost of the recommended behavior is also taken into account. Response efficacy takes into account how well the adaptive behavior will alleviate the perceived threat. Instead of smoking, a person may try meditation or exercise to relieve stress. The effectiveness of the recommended behavior is different for everyone and meditation may work better for one
Jill reported increased capacity in managing stressful situations and emotions. This was evident in her ability to follow through on coping skills discussed and when using a subjective scale to assess moods she reported improved moods. Jill reported mood changes to be related to interventions in our sessions and being consistent with her anti-depressant prescription. Jill also reported a reduction in her anxiety attacks. Due to Jill addressing underlying issues related to her drinking and feeling heard, she was able to pursue employment counselling and had started a job placement with Leads Employment Services which further increased her confidence. Jill’s self-care improved and that was she presented in clean clothing and had started to wear make-up to appointments. She reported practicing self-care often and had treated herself to a haircut.
study was to examine if there were differences in coping styles between men and women. The
The participants in this study were of a connivence sample of 49 students in Laurel Peterson’s Introductory Psychology class at Bryn Mawr College. The students were emailed a link to anonymously complete a Qualtrics survey that asked
I am enclosing the list of the scales for new GWC survey with screenshots and a copy of the programmed survey on Qualtrics. I shared the new survey on Qualtrics with you.
This essay discusses coping, a complex process exercised by people to suppress, change, or eliminate stress or threat. This essay also discusses copers, that is, people who exhibit certain personality characteristics, known as distress resistant personality patterns, which can significantly influence whether they stay healthy or become ill. Also covered are coping strategies, -strategies people draw upon to solve life’s stressors, some
Coping strategies refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce or minimize stressful events. There are two general coping strategies which have been distinguished. Problem-focused strategies are efforts to do something active to alleviate stressful circumstances, where as emotion-focused coping strategies involve efforts to regulate the emotional consequences of stressful or potentially stressful events. Typically, people use both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping in their stressful episodes, which suggests that both types of coping are useful for most stressful events (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980).
There are two kinds of coping responses according to Lazarus and Folkman which are “emotion focused” and “problem focused”. The client has been using the emotion focused coping response specifically distraction, emotional disclosure, praying, journal or diary writing, and suppressing. [8]
Stress is induced by life events .Lazarus and Flokman in (Cavanaugh and Blanchard –Field (2005) point out stress is defined by the person and that no two people experiences stress the same event in exactly the same way. Each individual has a specific tolerance for stress depending on general level of adjustment, the internal and external resources available to that person, flexibility of learned coping mechanisms and the degree and type of stress being experienced .The rise in stress that results from emotional hazardous