The Odyssey: Key Quotes

Ah how shameless—the way these mortals blame the gods.

From us alone, they say, come all their miseries, yes,

but they themselves, with their own reckless ways,

compound their pains beyond their proper share.

(Not spoken by a major character) (Books 1-2)

Analysis

These lines are spoken by Athena, who has come to plead with him on behalf of Odysseus. These lines shed light on the human qualities of gods, as well as the close relation between gods and mortals in the Homeric world. Zeus points out that humans always blame the gods for their miseries, never once realizing their own mistakes. Human actions/deeds were as important as the role played by gods in determining one’s fate. Zeus expects humans to take responsibility for their own actions.

Although the gods inhabited a different world, they were always invested in the lives of the mortals. Zeus would like to believe that gods did not make arbitrary decisions, but gods often let their own prejudices influence their decisions.

“Telemachus,”

the bright-eyed goddess Athena reassured him,

“some of the words you’ll find within yourself,

the rest some power will inspire you to say.

You least of all—I know—

Were born and reared without the gods’ good will”

(Not spoken by a major character) (Book 3)

Analysis

Athena says these encouraging words to Telemachus when he is about to approach King Nestor seeking help. At this point in the epic, Telemachus is at the start of his journey to manhood. He is worried, shy, and hesitant. Athena plays an important role in shaping Telemachus’ character and gives him the confidence he needs. She does not do things directly for him; rather, she encourages him to overcome his struggles himself. The persona she takes on while interacting with humans, which is that of a benign mentor, also reflects her role in Telemachus’ life: she is a guide and an advisor.

What’s possessed you, woman? Why lay into me? Such abuse!

Just because I’m filthy, because I wear such rags,

roving round the country, living hand-to-mouth.

But it’s fate that drives me on:

that’s the lot of beggars, homeless drifters.

I too once lived in a lofty house that men admired;

rolling in wealth, I’d often give to a vagabond like myself,

whoever he was, whatever need had brought him to my door.

(Link to Odysseus in Characters) (Book info unavailable)

Analysis

This speech is given by Odyssues, disguised as a beggar, to the disloyal housemaid Melantho. She has been disrespectful toward him since he’s a vagabond, unaware that he is indeed the king. She violates an important virtue of the Homeric world: hospitality. The speech also demonstrates the important qualities of a hero: humility and kindness. Further, it hints at the fact that one’s fate is often determined by gods. Therefore, one must never be arrogant about one’s wealth and comfort. His words suggest that no matter how advantageous the current situation might be, no one is completely safe from an unexpected reversal of fortune.