. Explain why mutations in oncogenes are generally dominant while those in tumor suppressor genes are recessive.

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: Explain the mechanism of Warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells?

A: Warburg effect is a characteristic behavior shown by cancer cells in which their glucose uptake is…

Q: How can a defect in p53 gene contribute to cancer development?

A: Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some…

Q: 25 of 41 The products of tumor suppressor genes cell division; the products of oncogenes cell…

A: Tumour Suppressor Gene:  A tumour suppressor gene is a type of gene that helps control cell…

Q: 24 of 41 The products of tumor suppressor genes cell division; the products of oncogenes cell…

A: Normal genes that slow cell division, fix DNA errors, or warn cells when to die are known as tumour…

Q: 19. Tumor suppressor genes/Oncogenes: Describe how viruses can lead to cancer formation in animal…

A: A microscopic infective agent that consists of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) enclosed in a protein coat is…

Q: Occurred in her cells? (Unfortunately her parents have passed away.) I think these genes are…

A: CRISPR stands for Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. It is a system of…

Q: What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and…

A: Two-hit hypothesis : The "two-hit" hypothesis or model was first proposed by geneticist Alfred…

Q: Briefly describe why steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, are…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  STEROID HORMONE  They are  basically the organic compounds having four rings of…

Q: Changes affecting tumor suppressors generally require _____ alleles to be affected in order to…

A: Introduction : A protein that acts to inhibit cell division and keep it under control is encoded by…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: 34. Explain the mechanism of action of tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer.

A: We know that Breast cancer develops as any of the cells in the breast tend to expand abnormally.…

Q: 1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene.…

A: Bcl-2 gene is a protooncogene.The Bcl-2 can act as a barrier to apoptosis and and facilitate the…

Q: Explain the role of p53 protein in protecting normal cells against cancer. With respect to this…

A: The cell is the primary unit of all living entities. The normal cell undergoes some necessary…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This…

Q: Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop…

A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…

Q: T/F : Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to cancer if mutated multiple times.

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when they are mutated in specific ways. A…

Q: 5. In the experiment of cell fusion, when tumor cells were fused with normal cells, the subsequently…

A: Please post the 6th question separately it has the missing information for the options.

Q: Please discuss the difference between cancers caused by tumor viruses and cancers caused by…

A: Cancer is a disease where cells grow or divide uncontrolly.

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor…

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…

Q: What is the difference in an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and how can each potentially lead to…

A: Cancer is group of diseases which are characterized by abnormal and unstoppable growth of cell and…

Q: What is the working of Tumor suppressor genes ?

A: There are two types of genes that are associated with tumors: Oncogenes: These genes when directly…

Q: 22. Normal cellular death that is necessary for normal development and morphogenesis is referred to…

A: Introduction Cell Death Occurs When A Biological Cell Stops Performing Its Activities. This Could Be…

Q: Most inherited forms of cancer involve _______________ and these individuals are for the mutation.…

A: Firstly we can examine what each of the terms given represents. 1. Tumor suppressor gene: It is a…

Q: 1. The diagrams (A and B) below represent the two common types of cancer genes; one diagram…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: How does p53 operate in normal cells?

A: The p53 gene is coded by TP 53 gene. It is named p53 because of it molecular weight53 KD.p53 gene is…

Q: Identify 2 proteins important for cell cycle regulation and explain why they play a critical role in…

A: A cell cycle is the series of events through which cell grow and divides. The regulation of the cell…

Q: Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor…

A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…

Q: How can benign tumors cause clinical problems? A. There is potential for metastasis B. They contain…

A: Benign tumours are harmless non cancerous tumours that grows only on one place.They cant invade or…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene. Describe two mechanisms by which genetic change…

A: Oncogene refers to the cancer-causing gene and is expressed in higher concentration in tumor cells…

Q: What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities? What's…

A: Tumors can be defined as the uncontrollable growth of cells. Malignant means that the tumor is made…

Q: Tamoxifen acts as a ............. pharmaceutical agent:   a)Estrogen receptor–blocking…

A: tamoxifen are antiestrogens and which is a prescribed drug for breast cancer.

Q: Can restoring tumor suppressor function, such as mutant p53 or pRb, be used to cure cancer? If…

A: The Cell division is the process through which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.…

Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…

A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…

Q: why a mutant Ras is an oncogene causing many human cancers

A: Ras proteins are proto-oncogenes that are frequently mutated in human cancers.

Q: There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes,…

A: It is an uncontrollable cell division that get metastasized into surrounding tissues.

Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.

A: Tumors are clumps of cells formed by uncontrollable cell division. Tumorigenesis is the uncontrolled…

Q: 1. What are oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes? How are they involved in carcinogenesis? What is…

A: To explain: To explain about oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, carcinogenesis, and the relation…

Q: Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain…

A: The question has been assumed to be "a)Explain what is meant by determination and…

Q: Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of…

A: Cancer is the umbrella term for a group of diseases. Any of the body's cells begin to divide without…

Q: In cell growth, how does the normal allele of BRCA1 work? Is it an oncogene or a tumor suppressor…

A: Cell growth is a very complex and orderly process in which various enzymes cell signaling pathways…

Q: Define telomeres, telomerase, and senescence and describe their effects on cancer.

A: Introduction  Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…

Q: 1. Cancer genetics Breast cancers can be divided into several classes. One type of breast cancer,…

A: Breast cancer forms in the cells of the breast. Symptoms include swelling of the breast, lump…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Q: Researchers have identified some tumors that have no recurrent mutations or deletions in known…

A: Deletion is a genetic aberration in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.