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- SCRAMBLED WORDS: 1. Arrange the scrambled words to form a term related to genetics. 2. After you have formed the words, describe or define the new terms. ennamoidc plluitem leeasll peissaist helatl llaese dooceacminmA colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13. In discussing this discovery with a friend who is not a cytogeneticist, explain how you would describe this location, defining each term in the chromosome address 21q13.What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome d. Metabolome e. Fluxome
- The haploid human genome consists of approximately 3.2 × 109 bp (or 6.4 × 109 bp per diploid genome). Assuming that DNA is B-DNA, calculate the total length of a single cell’s DNA.2. Null mutations are valuable genetic resources becausethey allow a researcher to determine what happens to anorganism in the complete absence of a particular protein. However, it is often not a trivial matter to determinewhether a mutation represents the null state of the gene.a. Geneticists sometimes use the following test forthe nullness of an allele in a diploid organism: If theabnormal phenotype seen in a homozygote for theallele is identical to that seen in a heterozygote(where one chromosome carries the allele in question and the homologous chromosome is known tobe completely deleted for the gene) then the alleleis null. What is the underlying rationale for thistest? What limitations might there be in interpreting such a result?If we call the amount of DNA per genome “x,” name asituation or situations in diploid organisms in which theamount of DNA per cell isa. xb. 2xc. 4x
- Choose the phrase from the right column that best fitsthe term in the left column.a. DNA polymorphism 1. DNA element composed of shorttandemly repeated sequencesb. phase 2. two different nucleotides appearat the same position in genomicDNA from different individualsc. informative cross 3. arrangement of alleles of twolinked genes in a diploidd. ASO 4. location on a chromosomee. SNP 5. a DNA sequence that occurs intwo or more variant formsf. DNA fingerprinting 6. a short oligonucleotide that willhybridize to only one allele at achosen SNP locusg. SSR 7. detection of genotype at anumber of unlinked highlypolymorphic locih. locus 8. allows identification of a gamete asrecombinant or nonrecombinanti. compound 9. all exons in a genomeheterozygotej. exome 10. individual with two differentmutations in the same geneYou have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele: 5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’ 1. For the second, third, fourth, and fifth codons, write all possible anticodon sequences (left-to-right, 5’-3’), including anticodons with wobble and inosine. 2. Write the amino acid sequence of the wild-type allele (three letter or single-letter amino acid abbreviation ok). 3. For each of the following mutations: A. State whether the mutation is missense, nonsense, frameshift, or silent. B. Write the codon change that occurs for the missense, nonsense, and silent mutations (ex. GAA GAT). C. For frameshift mutations, write out the entire mutant sequence with each codon clearly indicated (if the frameshift creates a new stop codon, end the sequence at the new stop). D. Write the amino acid sequence of the mutants. Mutant 1: transition at nucleotide 23 Mutant 2: TG transversion at nucleotide 29 Mutant 3: an insertion of “A” after nucleotide 14…Tay–Sachs disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations ina gene on chromosome 15 that encodes a lysosomal enzyme.Tay–Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.Among Ashkenazi Jews of Central European ancestry, about1 in 3600 children is born with the disease. What fraction ofthe individuals in this population are carriers?
- . Genomes A, B, and C all have basic chromosomenumbers (x) of nine. These genomes were derivedoriginally from plant species that had diverged from each other sufficiently far back in the evolutionarypast that the chromosomes from one genome can nolonger pair with the chromosomes from any other genome. For plants with the following kinds of euploidchromosome complements, (i) state the number ofchromosomes in the organism; (ii) provide terms thatdescribe the individual’s genetic makeup as accurately as possible; (iii) state whether or not it is likelythat this plant will be fertile, and if so, give the number of chromosomes (n) in the gametes.a. AABBCb. BBBBc. CCCd. BBCCe. ABCf. AABBCCFor each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. reciprocal translocation 1. lacking one or morechromosomes or having oneor more extra chromosomesb. gynandromorph 2. movement of short DNAelementsc. pericentric 3. having more than two completesets of chromosomesd. paracentric 4. exact exchange of parts of twononhomologous chromosomese. euploids 5. excluding the centromeref. polyploidy 6. including the centromereg. transposition 7. having complete sets ofchromosomesh. aneuploids 8. mosaic combination of maleand female tissueIn an electrophoretic gel across which is applied a powerful electrical alternating pulsed field, the DNA of thehaploid fungus Neurospora crassa (n = 7) moves slowlybut eventually forms seven bands, which represent DNAfractions that are of different sizes and hence havemoved at different speeds. These bands are presumed tobe the seven chromosomes. How would you show whichband corresponds to which chromosome?