18. Substrate-level phosphorylation is of physiological importance: in all cells to a small extent in hypoxic skeletal muscle cells c) in mature mammalian erythrocytes d) all of the above An abnormally high value for alkaline phosphatase in serum could be indicative of: 19. a) b)
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- What qualitative effect would you expect each of the following to have onthe P50 of hemoglobin?(a) Increase in pH from 7.2 to 7.4(b) Increase in PCO2 from 20 to 40 mm Hg(c) Dissociation into monomer polypeptide chains(d) Decrease in 2,3-BPG concentration from 7 mM to 5 mM in red cells.Why are features such as high rates of oxygen metabolism, capsules, and leghemoglobin associated with the use of nitrogenase?CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM,respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which part of the statement would be true?
- What oxidizes fadh2?) Dr Merrick is so excited to know the affinity constant Kd values for O2 binding to mammoth OBP and elephant hemoglobin at pH=7, that he starts speculating about the kinetics of binding to O2. If the ka value of mammoth EHb-O2 complex was the same as the ka value of mammoth OBP-O2 complex, what would be the ratio between the kd values of these complexes? Explain your reasoning. Hint: we are looking for the ratio kd(EHb)/kd(OBP) at pH=7.What determines plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3?
- Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells, by a mechanism that remains unclear. Explain why hydroxyurea can be a useful therapy for patients with sickle-cell anemia.In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system differ fromother sulfide-oxidizing systems?What is neomycin phosphotransferase (designated neor)?
- What is the role of 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in the function of haemoglobin as an oxygen carrier molecule? Explain the binding mechanism and effect of 2,3-BPG leading to the reduced oxygen binding affinity for haemoglobin and transitions in the T (deoxygenated) and R (oxygenated) states of haemoglobin.Name the components of the hexose-monophosphate pathway that detoxify peroxide and the process that accomplishes detoxification.Explain, in basic terms, the metabolism of thaumarchaeotes