2. A coal sample analysis on mass basis was reported as C = 76.3%, H2 = 4.2%, O2 = 4.5%, and Moisture = 7%, Mineral matter = 3% and Ash = 5%. Calculate the LCV in Ash, %3D %3D %3D mineral matter free basis of 2lb of coal.
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- Give the rationale behind major steps in the analysis such as blending, filtration, heating of the sample or standard with DNS (dinitrosalicyclic acid), dilution, and absorbance measurement.1. Discuss briefly the specifications and test parameters for system suitability for HPLC analysis.You are an aquatic scientist and tasked to sample water that contains chlorophenols for gas chromatographic analysis from your local waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Using knowledge of sample preparation and chromatograph, how would you sample, preserve and prepare these samples for GC analysis and why GC is the best detection technique?
- A chemist received different mixtures for analysis with the statement that they contained NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, or compatible mixtures of these substances, together with inert material. From the data given, identify the respective materials, and calculate the percentage of each component. 1.000g samples and 0.2500N HCl were used in all cases. (A) For Sample W: With PP, 24.32ml was used. A duplicate sample required 48.64ml with MO. (B). For Sample X: The addition of PP caused no color change. With MO, 38.47ml of the acid was required. (C). For Sample Y: To cause a color change in the cold with PP, 15.29ml of the acid was necessary, and an additional 33.19ml was required for complete neutralization. (D) For Sample Z: The sample was titrated with acid until the pink of PP disappeared; this process required 39.96ml. On adding an excess of the acid, boiling, and titrating back with alkali, it was found that the alkali was exactly equivalent to the excess acid added.A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of the concentration ofPb2+ in blood yields an Ssamp of 0.133 for a 1 mL sample of blood that has been diluted to 6 mL. A second sample is spiked with 1 µL of a 1467 ppb Pb2+ standard and diluted to 6 mL, yielding an Sspike of 0.491. Determine the concentration of Pb2+ in the original sample of blood.Pesticide residues were found in a lot of oranges; the compound identified was the epoxide of heptachlor (EH). To quantify the amount of this pesticide in oranges, 20 grams were taken from fruit peels and mixed with methylene chloride to extract it. The concentration of heptachlor epoxide in the sample was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a detector mass (GC-MS); and calibration was performed using anthracene (A) as internal standard. For In this analysis, the anthracene had a concentration of 350 ppm and the same volume was added to each standard. The table below shows the concentrations of the standard and the ratio of the areas.and the sample is: 0.1080.Determine the concentration of heptachlor epoxide in the sample.
- Which statement is true? Statement 1: Since tiny amounts of material are exposed on an open surface, the use of TLC is limited to relatively nonvolatile substances.Statement 2: To determine the identity of a specific compound in a mixture, the TLC behavior of the test sample and that of authentic standard compounds are compared on the same plate.(i) Calculate the capacity factors (k') for both compounds A and B and the selectivity factor (a) between them, commenting on the values. (ii) Calculate the resolution between A and B and comment on it. (iii) Using the peak for A, calculate the number of theoretical plates for the GC column and comment on the quality of the column.Discuss the dependence of Mn and Mw on the presence of high and low molecular weight material.
- The height of three peaks; A, B, and C obtained in a gas chromatogram are 20.6 mm, 17.5 mm and 40.6 mm. The width of the peaks, at half height, are 4.4 mm, 4.0 mm and 3.9 mm, respectively. Calculate the percentage composition of A in the sample.Why is glass better than fused silica as a prism construction material for a monochromator to be used in the region of 400 to 80 nm?Why is GSC not used nearly as extensively as GLC?