2. Below is data from an HFR time of entry gene mapping experiment. Create a map of the chromosome with all genes labeled and the location and orientations of the oriT sites. Hfr Strain Data orit gal ton azi lac leu oriT azi ton gal trp cys oriT met ade1 arg cys trp 2 4 ortT met ade2 thr leu lac
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- 1. Choose the phrase from the right column that best fitsthe term in the left column.a. cytoplasmicsegregation1. transmission of genes through maternalgamete onlyb. heteroplasmic 2. cell that has mtDNAs or cpDNAs all of onegenotypec. homoplasmic 3. having gametes of similar sized. maternalinheritance4. a cell with a mixture of different mtDNAsgenerates a daughter cell with only one kinde. uniparentalinheritance5. a specific fraction of wild-type organellarDNAs is required for a wild-type phenotypef. isogamous 6. cell with mtDNAs or cpDNAs with differentgenotypesg. threshold effect 7. transmission of genes through either amaternal or a paternal gamete, but not both1. _____________ frequencies are used to obtain a genetic map.A. TransductionB. ReconstitutionC. TransformationD. RecommendationE. Recombination 2. A __________ shows an individual cell's metaphase chromosomes arranged in pairs and sorted by size.A. phenotypeB. genotype C. karyotypeD. fingerprintE. none of the above 3. During conjugation, E.coli chromosomal transfer begins at ________.A. oriVB. oriCC. oriTD. oriAE. none of the above2. What is the result of crossing over? A. recombination B. mutation C. linkage D. adaptation
- Crosses are carried out between a bacterial F- strain and three different Hfr strains. In these strains, it takes 60 minutes for an Hfr strain to transfer the entire chromosome. Below are the data generated from interrupted mating experiments. Time of transfer of different genes (in minutes) is given for each strain. Appearance of genes in F- cells Hfr1: Genes b+ d+ c+ f+ g+ Time 3 5 16 27 59 Hfr2: Genes e+ f+ c+ d+ b+ Time 6 24 35 46 48 Hfr3 Genes d+ c+ f+ e+ g+ Time 4 15 26 44 58 Based on these data, you could conclude that Group of answer choices b is between g and d and is 4 minutes from g e is between f and g and is 25 minutes from g g is between e and b and is 24 minutes from e none of these is correct d is between b and c and is 10 minutes from b6. A research group has selected three independent Trp−haploid strains of Neurospora, each of which cannotgrow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan.They first mated these three strains with a wild-typestrain of opposite mating type, and then they analyzedthe resultant octads. For all three matings, two of thefour spore pairs in every octad could grow on minimalmedium (that is, in the absence of tryptophan), whilethe other two spore pairs were unable to grow on thisminimal medium.a. What can you conclude from this result?In the matings of mutant strains 1 and 2 with wild type,one of the two topmost pairs in some octads had sporesthat could grow on minimal medium while the other ofthe two topmost pairs in the same octads had spores thatcould not grow on minimal medium. In the mating ofmutant strain 3 with wild type, either all the spores inthe two topmost pairs could grow on minimal mediumor all could not grow on minimal medium.b. What can you conclude from this result?The…Explain the 3 features of DNA markers.
- 2. Place this events in the correct order that they occur during homologous recombination: A. Resolvase cuts all four chromatidsB. Strand invasion causes one strand of the uncut chromatid to form a D loop C. Spo11 causes a double-strand break in a nonsister chromatidD. Branch migration lengthens the heteroduplex regionE. Recombinant chromosomes separate from each other(1) Why the ratio of PE/GFP fluorescence is measured in the FACS experiment, instead of measuring only total PE fluorescence? (2) Explain the effect that each mutation causes in the function of MC4R, and how they can be linked to disease.1) Interpret the value of the interference. 2) Map the genes.
- 5. A haplotype is a specific set of SNPs and other genetic variants observed on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome, as compared between individuals in a population. Shown below are eight DNA sequences from different individuals: Nucleotide Position 1 5 10 15 Sequence 1. TCTGGAT CAT CACAT Sequence 2. ACAGCAT CATIA CGT Sequence 3. TCAGGAT CATIA CAT. Sequence 4. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Sequence 5. ACAGCATCATI ACGT Sequence 6. TCT G GAT CAT CACAT Sequence 7. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Luis Pagoada Sequence 8. ACAGCAT CAT IACGT. a. Give the nucleotide positions of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; nucleotide positions where individuals vary in which base is present) in these sequences. b. How many different haplotypes (sets of linked variants) are found in these eight sequences?Information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is used in: radiation hybrid mapping sequence mapping RFLP mapping cytogenetic mappingWhich of the following includes all of the others? a. homeotic genes b. master genes c. SRY gene d. PAX6