2. The level of dissolved oxygen in the surface water of a lake is vital to maintaining the lake's ecosystem. Environmentalists from the University of Wisconsin monitored the dissolved oxygen levels over time for a sample of 25 lakes in the state (Aquatic Biology, May 2010). To ensure a representative sample, the environmentalists focused on several lake characteristics, including dissolved organic compound (DOC). The DOC data (measured in grams per cubic-meters) for the 25 lakes are listed in the accompanying table. The population of Wisconsin lakes has a mean DOC value of 15 grams/m3. Use a hypothesis test (at a = .10) to make an inference about whether the sample is representative of all Wisconsin lakes for the characteristic, dissolved organic compound. Lakes data (1).xlsx Download Lakes_data (1).xlsx a.State the null and alternate hypothesis b. significance level used c. Test statistic d. p-value e. Decision f. Conclusion
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- In a 1996 article published in Technometrics, 38, pp. 11–22, the authors discuss the reliability of nuclear power plant emergency generators. To control the risk of damage to the nuclear core during accidents at nuclear plants, the reliability of emergency diesel generators (EDG) to start on demand must be maintained at a very high level. At each nuclear power plant there are a number of such generators. An overall measure of reliability is obtained by counting the number of times the EDGs successfully work when needed. The table here provides the number of successful demands for implementation of an EDG between each subsequent failure in an EDG for all the EDGs at each of seven nuclear power plants. A regulatory agency wants to determine if there is a difference in the reliability of the seven nuclear power plants. (Use Data _8). Run an ANOVA (Regardless of the assumptions) and Kruskal–Wallis test.In a 1996 article published in Technometrics, 38, pp. 11–22, the authors discuss the reliability of nuclear power plant emergency generators. To control the risk of damage to the nuclear core during accidents at nuclear plants, the reliability of emergency diesel generators (EDG) to start on demand must be maintained at a very high level. At each nuclear power plant there are a number of such generators. An overall measure of reliability is obtained by counting the number of times the EDGs successfully work when needed. The table here provides the number of successful demands for implementation of an EDG between each subsequent failure in an EDG for all the EDGs at each of seven nuclear power plants. A regulatory agency wants to determine if there is a difference in the reliability of the seven nuclear power plants. (Use Data _8). Do the conditions necessary for conducting the ANOVA test appear to be satisfied by these data? Run an ANOVA (Regardless of the assumptions) and…In a 1996 article published in Technometrics, 38, pp. 11–22, the authors discuss the reliability of nuclear power plant emergency generators. To control the risk of damage to the nuclear core during accidents at nuclear plants, the reliability of emergency diesel generators (EDG) to start on demand must be maintained at a very high level. At each nuclear power plant there are a number of such generators. An overall measure of reliability is obtained by counting the number of times the EDGs successfully work when needed. The table here provides the number of successful demands for implementation of an EDG between each subsequent failure in an EDG for all the EDGs at each of seven nuclear power plants. A regulatory agency wants to determine if there is a difference in the reliability of the seven nuclear power plants. (Use Data _8). Do the conditions necessary for conducting the ANOVA test appear to be satisfied by these data?
- A mutual fund is a professionally managed investmentscheme that pools money from many investorsand invests in a variety of securities. Growth fundsfocus primarily on increasing the value of investments,whereas blended funds seek a balance betweencurrent income and growth. Here is data on theexpense ratio (expenses as a % of assets, from www.morningstar.com) for samples of 20 large-cap balancedfunds and 20 large-cap growth funds (“largecap”refers to the sizes of companies in which thefunds invest; the population sizes are 825 and 762,respectively):Bl 1.03 1.23 1.10 1.64 1.301.27 1.25 0.78 1.05 0.640.94 2.86 1.05 0.75 0.090.79 1.61 1.26 0.93 0.84Gr 0.52 1.06 1.26 2.17 1.550.99 1.10 1.07 1.81 2.050.91 0.79 1.39 0.62 1.521.02 1.10 1.78 1.01 1.15 a. Calculate and compare the values of x, x , , and s forthe two types of funds.b. Construct a comparative boxplot for the two types offunds, and comment on interesting features.An analysis was conducted by the Statistics Consulting Center atVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in which acertain treatment was applied to a set of tree stumps. The chemicalGarlon was used the with the purpose of regenerating the roots ofthe stumps. A spray was used with four levels of GarlonPage 23 of 23concentration. After a period of time the height of the shoots wasobserved. Does the concentration of Garlon has a significantimpact on the height of the shoots? Use α = 0.05.Here is a dataset containing plant growth measurements of plants grown in solutions of commonly-found chemicals in roadway runoff.Phragmites australis, a fast-growing non-native grass common to roadsides and disturbed wetlands of Tidewater Virginia, was grown in a greenhouse and watered with either: Distilled water (control); A weak petroleum solution (representing standard roadway runoff); Sodium chloride solution; Magnesium chloride solution; De-icing brine (50% sodium chloride and 50% magnesium chloride).Twenty grass preparations were used for each solution, and total growth (in cm) was recorded after watering every other day for 40 days.-Perform the correct statistical test to determine the p-value.-Report your answer rounded to four decimal places.-You should use formulas, functions, and the Data Analysis ToolPak in MS Excel to avoid additive rounding errors. Here are some useful functions: =t.test(array1,array2,tails,type) Produces a p-value for any…
- 1)In a cross-tabulation or contingency table examining the relationship between breed of dog and whether the dog passed certification to become a service animal, it is found that, overrall, 62 percent of the dogs were certified. The data looked at this for 6 breeds of dogs. If breed and being certified are independent of each other, about what percentage of each breed would pass the test? 2)Which of the following features must be present in a research design if the researchers want their data to demonstrate a causal relationship? The cause must take place before the effect. To the extent possible, another variable that explains the relationship needs to be ruled out or accounted for. The two variables need to covary. These three features must all be present. O A and B A correlation coefficient r provides two pieces of information about a relationship between two variables. These are Strength; direction of relationship Direction, proportionsFifteen adult males between the ages of 35 and 50 participated in a study to evaluate the effect of diet and exercise on blood cholesterol levels. The total cholesterol was measured in each subject initially and then three months after participating in an aerobic exercise program and switching to a low-fat diet. The data are shown in the following table.Suppose a researcher believes that the occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes leads to increased activity in the construction industry. he decides to collect province-level data on employment in the construction industry of an earthquake-prone country, like Japan, and regress this variable on an indicator variable that equals 1 if an earthquake took place in that province in the last five years. a. Should the researcher include province fixed effects in order to control for location specific characteristics of the labor market? b. What can the researcher to control for the location effects?
- An article reported data from a study in which both a baseline gasoline mixture and a reformulated gasoline were used. Consider the following observations on age (yr) and NOx emissions (g/kWh): Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Age 0 0 2 11 7 16 9 0 12 4 Baseline 1.74 4.38 4.04 1.23 5.30 0.58 3.35 3.44 0.73 1.23 Reformulated 1.85 5.93 5.52 2.67 6.54 0.76 4.94 4.87 0.69 1.39 Construct scatter plots of the baseline NOx emissions versus age. Construct scatter plots of the reformulated NOx emissions versus age. What appears to be the nature of the relationship between these two variables? As age increases, emissions also increase.As age increases, emissions decrease. There is no compelling relationship between the data.A study was conducted to assess the impact of nutrient enrichment on zooplankton densities in A & B Islands. An ecologist sampled populations of zooplankton in these two locations and observed the nutrient enrichment level was higher in A island when compared with the level in B island. It is predicted the zooplankton densities in A island will be greater than those found in B island.A company has two chemist, Mr. Morris and Mr. Logan to produce their drinks. Mr. John, their boss, is not pleased with Mr. Logan’s attitude to work, so he is contemplating firing Mr. Logan andkeeping Mr. Morris only to perform this job. The problem, however, is that Mr. Logan seems to produce a higher quality drink whenever he oversees production when compared to Mr. Morris. Before making a final decision, Mr. John decided to collect data measuring the quality of different batches ofdrinks produced by Mr. Morris and Mr. Logan to make a better-informeddecision. The results, measured on a quality scale, are listed below: Name Average Standard Deviation Sample Size Mr. Logan 98 1 8 Mr. Morris 94 4 10 a) Based on this data above, advise Mr. John whether Mr. Logan isbetter at making the signature sauce than Mr. Morris by usinghypothesis testing – use the critical value approach with a level ofsignificance at 5%.