(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?

Q: Can nonsense mutations be reversed by hydroxylamine? Why or why not?

A: Mutations are the events that results in change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can be a result of…

Q: What causes the majority of the mutations found in human melanomas and lung cancer?

A: DNA is the chemical in each cells that makes up the genes and some genes control when cells grow,…

Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?

A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…

Q: What is the long term and short term effects of mutation on coding and non-coding DNA, the amount of…

A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome, virus, or…

Q: Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, and an ideal form of treatment would be to…

A: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited life threatening disorder that causes severe damages to lungs,…

Q: Why might some cells in the body, such as those in bonemarrow, be more susceptible to ribosomal…

A: Mutation It is the sudden heritable changes happening in the genotype of the organism which is…

Q: Why are diseases due to microsatellite amplification, even though they have a monogenic pattern of…

A: The classical inheritance is the type of inheritance pattern in which mendelian laws are followed…

Q: Occasionally, a person is found who has one blue eye and one brown eye or who has a sector of one…

A: Introduction A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can be caused by…

Q: In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many types of chemotherapyand radiation therapy is that…

A: The tumor is irregular growth of tissue. It is the first stage of tumor development. The…

Q: Explain why loss-of-function mutations are frequently recessive, whereas gain-of-function mutations…

A: Mutation is an altered DNA sequence, which leads to changed gene product. Mutations are random and…

Q: Why is the p53 R273W mutation preventing p53 from binding to DNA?

A: All living things are made up of cells, which are the most basic and important unit. All of life's…

Q: define Silent mutations

A: point mutations result in inheritable changes that occur on a single random nucleotide on the DNA.…

Q: How do translocations such as the Philadelphia chromosome contribute to cancer?

A: Translocations generate novel chromosomes, a segment from one chromosome is transferred to a…

Q: Is the transcriptome of a liver and skin cell identical? Why or why not?

A: Transcriptomics is the investigation of the transcriptome the total arrangement of Ribonucleic Acid…

Q: Define the relation between DNA Methylation and Cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disorder caused by uncontrolled cell division.

Q: Explain how DNA methylation can regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where…

A: Introduction  Expression of gene is highly under control by various mechanisms such as histone…

Q: What DNA chemical modification can change the expression level of a target gene without sequence…

A: Introduction Epigenetics refers to the heritable or non-heritable changes in gene expression,…

Q: What percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the…

A: Gene therapy is the method that involves the insertion of DNA or sequence of DNA in the cells of the…

Q: n which condition does guanine-cytosine content inhibit the formation of right-handed DNA?

A: The guanine–cytosine content (or G+C content) is the percentage of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA…

Q: Explain how DNA methylation could be used to regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When…

A: The gene transcribes and translates for producing a protein. This mechanism is known as gene…

Q: A rare class of dominant gain-of-function _______ arisesfrom neomorphic mutations that generate a…

A: Genes are the hereditary unit of the DNA that when expressed display a certain phenotype. A…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: Explain the difference between a gain-of-functionmutation and a dominant-negative mutation. Why…

A: A mutation is referred to as a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result…

Q: What are the requirements for normal cell division? What are the requirements for cancer cells…

A: Mutation is defined as an erroneous change within the gene sequence of an organism that leads to a…

Q: Which form of Retinoblastoma typically results in unilateral disease and exhibits 2-hit mutational…

A: Retinoblastoma is a cancer that affects the eyes. It is specifically a cancer of retinal layer of…

Q: How is DNA methylation related to cancer?

A: The alteration to the structure of chromatin affects the gene expression, which is known as…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation…

A: The cells are basic units of life. When any mutation in the gene takes place due to any radiation or…

Q: How/or which the DNA repair mechanism fixes each mutation?

A: Excision is that the general mechanism by that repairs and are created once one in every of the…

Q: How can environmental agents that do not cause gene mutationscontribute to cancer? Would these…

A: A gene is a particular sequence of nucleotides in RNA or DNA that is generally located on a…

Q: Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism not necessarily result in a…

A: Eukaryotic organisms have two types of cells: germ cells which produces gametes and somatic cells…

Q: What is the effect of excessive exposure to ultraviolet light at the beach or in a tanning salon on…

A: Ultraviolet radiation or UV radiation is an invisible ray emitted by the sun. This ray is also…

Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…

A: Loss of function mutation refers to the mutation in a gene that leads to reduced or no function of…

Q: "The mechanism does not recruit a homologous region of DNA during repair". Explain this ?

A: Introduction DNA repair is a set of procedures that a cell uses to detect and repair damage to the…

Q: is the action of the ultraviolet radiation on DNA to induce mutation?

A: UV radiation is a kind of non-ionizing radiation released by the sun and other artificial means. One…

Q: What role do telomeres and telomerase play in cancer progression?

A: Telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences found at each end on a eukaryotic…

Q: Are mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same?

A: The genetic material consists of a nucleotide sequence that results in the expression of the…

Q: How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations? Germ-line mutations are reversible, while…

A: Mutations are the random changes in the genome of organisms.

Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway. uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?

A: DNA damage repair pathway is a type of DNA pathway which is used to repair the damages in the DNA…

Q: DNA sequencing has provided data to indicate that cancer cells may contain tens of thousands of…

A: Cancer cells are defined as the cells that will divide relentlessly and continuously; thus, forming…

Q: List the three basic categories of chromosome mutations and define each one.

A: Aneuploidy refers to a condition of an abnormal or unusual number of chromosomes. Normally each…

Q: How does KU proteins promote DNA repair during mitosis? Explain.

A: DNA repair  It involves different processes through which a cell determines and rectifies the damage…

Q: Why in humans, most new mutations found in the progeny come from the sperm ratherthan from the egg?

A: Mutations are hereditary because they are passed down to an offspring from a parent carrying a…

Q: What are three similarities and three differences between Germline mutations and Somatic mutations?

A: A mutation refers to the alteration in the sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It can be a…

Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?

A: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode tumor suppressor proteins. Whenever a DNA is damaged these…

Q: Distinguish between germ-line and somatic mutations.

A: