A subunit 3 Toxin subunits 4 The A subunit becomes a functional enzyme that inactivates a protein in the 80S ribosomes, stopping protein synthesis and causing cell death, separate and A enters the B subunit Receptor cytoplasm. 1 A-B toxin attaches by B subunit to membrane receptor of susceptible cell. 2 Toxin enters cell by endocytosis. Endosome Ribosome FIGURE 21.7 Mode of Action of Diphtheria Toxin

A subunit 3 Toxin subunits 4 The A subunit becomes a functional enzyme that inactivates a protein in the 80S ribosomes, stopping protein synthesis and causing cell death, separate and A enters the B subunit Receptor cytoplasm. 1 A-B toxin attaches by B subunit to membrane receptor of susceptible cell. 2 Toxin enters cell by endocytosis. Endosome Ribosome FIGURE 21.7 Mode of Action of Diphtheria Toxin

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter4: Cell Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SQ: The main function of the endomembrane system is: a. building and modifying proteins and lipids b....

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RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page from the structure-function relationship of RIPs in their quest for cancer treatments. The most toxic RIPs, remember, have one domain that interferes with ribosomes, and another that carries them into cells. Melissa Cheung and her colleagues incorporated a peptide that binds to skin cancer cells into the enzymatic part of an RIP, the E. coli Shiga-like toxin. The researchers created a new RIP that specifically kills skin cancer cells, which are notoriously resistant to established therapies. Some of their results are shown in FIGURE 9.17. FIGURE 9.17 Effect of an engineered RIP on cancer cells. The model on the left shows the enzyme portion of E. coli Shiga-like toxin engineered to carry a small sequence of amino acids (in blue) that targets skin cancer cells. (Red indicates the active site.) The graph on the right shows the effect of this engineered RIP on human cancer cells of the skin (); breast () liver (); and prostate (). Why are some of the data points linked by curved lines?
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