Altering Linking Number (a) What is the Lk of a 5,000 op circular duplex DNA molecule with a nick in one strand? (b) What is the Lk of the molecule in (a) when the nick is sealed (relaxed)? (c) How would the Lk of the molecule in (b) be affected by the action of a single molecule of E. coli topoi somerase 12

Q: 11. Here is a short stretch of replicating DNA. The top strand is the template. Assume the 4.... are…

A: In the multipart question, we are allowed to answer only 1st three subparts. Kindly repost the…

Q: 28. According to the central dogma of genetic information transfer (proposed by James Watson and…

A: Central dogma proposed by James Watson and Francis crick states the genetic information transfer in…

Q: 3. Now that the sequence of the entire E. coli K12 straingenome (roughly 5 Mb) is known, you can…

A: The complete genome of E.coli is 5.44 million base pairs. The genome is replicated entirely in one…

Q: If a bacterial (E. coli) cell has 50,000 bp, how long will be a normal DNA replication?

A: On the chromosome of E. coli, like in most bacteria, there is just one replication origin. The…

Q: 5'-AAAAACCCCCGGGGGTTTTT-3' is in a test tube. What else needs to go in the test tube to so that we…

A: Here it is not mentioned that how the single stranded DNA is maintained. As the single strand…

Q: During DNA replication, both positive and negative supercoiling is introduced in the DNA being…

A: Loosening up of the helix during Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) replication (by the activity of…

Q: 5. If the hypothetical restriction endonuclease CutVI were to recognize and cleave a circular piece…

A: A restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that recognize specific sequence present on DNA and cleaves…

Q: 6. If 16% of the bases found in an organism's DNA are made up of adenine, what percentage of…

A: Introduction: According to Chargaff's rule, the ratio of purines to pyrimidine is always equal to…

Q: DNA polymerase I has both a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity and a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity.…

A: DNA polymerase are enzymes needed for the replication of DNA

Q: 18. The free energy contribution of base pairing (AG released) is negative and single- stranded RNA…

A: G-C pair form three hydrogen bonds with each other. DNA with high G-C content is more stable.

Q: 6. Let us suppose that a vertebrate organism carries a mutation that causes some cells that normally…

A: Introduction: DNA methyltransferase is a group of enzymes that transfers the active methyl group…

Q: 4A. In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red…

A: The genetic information always flow from DNA to RNA to proteins. This flow of information is known…

Q: 2. If you mixed the mRNA of a human gene with thegenomic DNA for the same gene and allowed theRNA…

A: The binding of single standard DNA on the basis of their complementary is known as hybridization.…

Q: 1a. What do DNA polymerases need to be able to synthesize a new strand of DNA? In 1970, Fred Sanger…

A: Since there are multiple questions in this particular question, I'll answer the first one for you.…

Q: the 3’-OH groups

A: Since you have asked multiple questions , we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 2) Replicating structures in DNA can be observed in the electron microscope. Regions being…

A: Replication fork It is defined as the structure formed in the long helical DNA during the process of…

Q: 5. The pioneering work of Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in the early 1970s led to the…

A: Insulin, a peptide hormone produced by the β-cells of the pancreas and is a regulatory hormone for…

Q: 3 The restriction endonuclease PstI cuts DNA symmetrically on both strands at the СTGCAG sequence:…

A: Restriction endonucleases are the enzymes that are used to form cuts inside the DNA molecule. It is…

Q: 1. Packaging of DNA in a Virus Bacteriophage T2 has a DNA of molecular weight 120 x 10° contained in…

A: The following steps are involved in the bacteriophage assembly process: (a) Head assembly triggered…

Q: 23. What process best describes the action of Taq DNA polymerase? a. Catalyzes hydrolysis of…

A: Taq DNA polymerase is the thermal stable DNA polymerase enzyme isolated from Thermus aquaticus. This…

Q: Genosensors are biosensors based on the principle of complementarity and hybridization of DNA…

A: Biosensors and genosensor continue to offer solutions and control of various processes across a…

Q: 6. Assume that you are working at a biotechnology company and you are assigned to a project in which…

A: Protein purification is a set of procedures for isolating a single or a few proteins from a…

Q: 4a in context to taking genomic DNA from eukaryotic cells and randomly shearing it into pieces of a…

A: Renaturation is a process of reformation of hydrogen bonds between the complementary single strands…

Q: 2a. Assume that replication has been initiated at that ORI. Provide the sequence of the primer that…

A: AT GC base pairing: In double stranded DNA, the guanine (G) base on one strand can form three…

Q: 25. Which sequence includes RNA that's complementary to the DNA sequence 5'-TATTCGC-3'? (Hint: in…

A: Adenine(A) and guanine(G) are purines ; cytosine(C) and thymine(T)/uracil(U) are pyrimidines , both…

Q: 1. In the Central Dogma, what process involves the production of a new DNA strand using an old DNA…

A: Since you have asked multipart questions on the same topic, we will solve the first three questions…

Q: 2. Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in…

A: Literally, replication means the system of duplication. In molecular biology, DNA replication is the…

Q: 4. If the structure of a fully relaxed, closed-circular DNA molecule is changed so that the specific…

A: DNA is double helical structure which negatively super coil around positively charged histone…

Q: blueprint for life?"

A: TE tris-EDTA buffer is an type of biological buffer system that used during isolation of a DNA which…

Q: 1. For this oligonucleotide, • dassify if RNA or DNA? Justify your choice. • determine the sequence…

A: Deoxy ribose nucleic acid or DNA has a Ribose sugar with deoxy hydroxyl group at 2'carbon. Ribose…

Q: 18. While studying a human patient with hemophilia, you have discovered that the second exon of the…

A: Transposable elements also are known as jumping genes. These are those DNA sequences that can change…

Q: What codons ar e found in the mRNA for the two mutated DNA?

A: Answer 1: - There are 14 codons in the original DNA sequence. Answer 2:- Similarly, there are 14…

Q: 7. Describe the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia. a. What is the change that occurs in DNA?…

A:

Q: 1. In the Central Dogma, what process involves the production of a new DNA strand using an old DNA…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts for…

Q: 4. You have a double-stranded linear DNA molecule, the appropriate primers, all the enzymes required…

A: Conservative and semi-conservative are two modes of replication by which DNA can be…

Q: 4. The gene for B-galactosidase has 3,075 bp. How long would it take for the E. coli RNA polymerase…

A: Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is transferred onto an RNA…

Q: 1. Why is the specific base pairing is essential to the processes of transcription and translation?…

A: Introduction Translation:- It is the process in which a cell makes proteins using the genetic…

Q: Given the going with molecule of DNA: strand 1 – A T G C G C T A C G C A T–strand 2 – T A C G C G A…

A: In living organisms, the genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction…

Q: Unlike bacterial cells, the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is bounded by a double-layered membrane…

A: Cells are the most fundamental and essential unit of life in all living things. All of life's…

Q: 6. Jo is completing their undergraduate research project and has run out of Tag polymerase.…

A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is the method used for amplifying specific DNA regions. This method…

Q: 2. In the given segment in problem 1, illustrate and indicate the direction of synthesis of: a.…

A: The replication process begins with the unwinding of the polynucleotide strand, which forms a…

Q: 1. In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA? Briefly Explain. 2.…

A:

Q: 4. Discuss and detail reasons why eukaryotic organisms appear to have more DNA than is necessary to…

A: The coding sequences of Eukaryotic DNA is called exon and the non coding sequence of Eukaryotic DNA…

Q: 3. Replicate the following segment of DNA. 5'-ATCGGCTACGTTCAC-3' 3'- TAGCCGATGCAAGTG-5'; and show…

A: Answer: Introduction: The semi-conservative replication means in which two copies of original DNA…

Q: 1) The function of ligase is to seal nicks in the backbone of a DNA strand. The function of AP…

A: AP endonuclease : It is an enzyme which is involved in the DNA base excision pathway The main…

Q: 4.) what is the amino acid chain that your answer in item 2 will dictate? Question in Item 2: The…

A: Given, Question in Item 2: The complementary strand from item 1 undergoes transcription. What will…

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.