2. In Bakers yeast there are two variants of cytochrome c, a heme containing protein of 108 aminoacid residues that catalyzes electron transfer reactions. The two forms of cytochrome c known asiso-1 and iso-2 cytochrome c differ in 17 of the 108 amino acids. The content of proton dis-sociableside chains for the two cytochromes c is given in the table below:Side chainpKa iso-1 cytochrome c Ziso-1ArginineAspartateCysteineGlutamateHistidineLysineTyrosine-NH3Ⓡ-COOH12.54.08.04.06.010.09.07.04.03414416⑤511iso-2 cytochrome c(b) To the right is a diagram of the chemicalgroups in carboxymethyl-cellulose and DEAE-cellulosethat are used for ion exchange chromatography to purifyproteins. At pH 8 which chromatographic resin has to beused to separate iso-1-cytochrome c from iso-2-cytochrome c from a lysate of yeast cells? If the proteinsare separated by application of a concentration gradient carboxymethylof NaCl applied to the column, which ion Na® or Cle dis-places the proteins from the binding sites on the chroma-tographic resin?JoocelluloseOH377751 vouw573H3CCH 3NHHOZiso-2HỌC LẠNHH3C2-(diethylamino)ethylcellulose(DEAE cellulose)Which protein iso-1-cytochrome c or iso-2-cytochrome c will be the first to be eluted from thecolumn and why?Both cytochromes in their ferrous form are substrates of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) andreact optimally with this enzyme at pH 8 forming a Michaelis complex of 1:1 stoichiometry (CcP:cytc). If the isoionic point of the peroxidase is 5.25, what must be the overall electrostatic chargeon the peroxidase enzyme for this reaction to occur, positive or negative?

We are given the list and quantity of amino acid residues on the iso-1 cytochrome c and iso-2…

Answered: (b) To the right is a diagram of the…

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter6: Metabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false?...

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3. One of the triacylglycerols found in corn oil contains palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. During the production of spreadable margarine, all of the double bonds in this triacylglycerol are converted from cis to trans isomers. Linoleic acid: CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOHLinolenic acid: CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Palmitic acid: CH3(CH2)14COOH a. Identify the unsaturated fatty acid(s) listed above and provide the associated omega designation. b. Draw an accurate representation of the structure of the triacylglycerol present in spreadable margarine. Circle all ester bonds in the structure you have drawn.
2. One manifestation of cytochrome oxidase deficiency in humans is severe muscle weakness. Briefly explain why. 3. Clostridium bacteria are killed in the presence of molecular oxygen. Would you expect Clostridium to produce catalase? Briefly explain.
1. Which of the following statement is CORRECT? A Hydrolysis of starch into glucose in an elimination reaction B Group transfer reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction C Conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate is a group transfer reaction D Most biochemical reaction occurs via homolytic cleavage E Electrophiles are electron-rich, while nucleophiles are electron-deficient
2 The free energy-requiring step in the synthesis of ATP is not the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi (ΔG ≈ 0), but the release of tightly bound ATP. Explain why this is not inconsistent with the +30.5 kJ⋅mol-1 free energy of formation of ATP in solution.
4. Consider the structure shown below. Give one cycle of the reactions of the - oxidation of fatty acids. Show all the structures of the compounds involved; indicate whether the reactions are reversible or not; show the use or generation of co-factors wherever it occurs.
1. Based on the experiment 5, the chemical test for the components of nucleic acid. Why does diluted NaOH solution very soluble in yeast RNA?Explain answer. 2.Why does yeast RNA are insoluble in cold water, 95% ethanol and diluted in HCl? Explain your answer. 3.What is the function of enzyme: L-ascorbate oxidase Pyruvate carboxylase Alcohol dehydrogenase Cytochrome oxidase Aconitase Amidase Succinate dehydrogenase
1.A glucogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through glycogenesis. An example of glucogenic amino acid is _____________. * a.Histidine b.Lysine c.Leucine d.All of the given 2.The force between methylamine and acetate will be greater in methanol than in water because ___________. * a.Methanol has a lower dielectric constant than water b.Methanol, but not water, is structurally similar to methylamine c.Acetate and methylamine are more soluble in methanol than in water d.Dipole-dipole interactions between acetate and methylamine are induced in methanol, but not in water 3.Within the aqueous environment of an animal cell, sugars are stored as polymers rather than monomers. If the sugars were stored as monomers instead of polymers, which of the following properties would be least affected? * a.pH b.Viscosity c.Freezing point d.Osmotic pressure
8. Match each of the following amino acids with the intermediate needed for its synthesis.(a) 3-Phosphoglycerate 1. glutamate 2. serine 3. asparagine (b) oxaloacetate 1. glutamate 2. serine 3. Asparagine
1. Why is the chemical logic behind the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase? a. So that we end the preparatory phase with 2 3-carbon compounds. b. to provide a substrate for phosphohexose isomerase. c. "Locks" Glucose in the cell. d. to decrease the ΔG of the next reaction. 2. What type of reaction does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyze? a. isomerization b. group transfer c. oxidation d. dehydration
1. What are the effects of pH and temperature to catalase? What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature for catalase? 2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with increase in temperature then gradually declines as the temperature is further increased. 3. Is the rate of enzymatic reaction always directly dependent on enzyme concentration? Explain. 4. Explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 5. What is the effect of CuSO, on the enzymatic activity of catalase? 6. Is CuSO4 an activator or inhibitor? If it is an inhibitor, what kind of inhibitor is it?
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to test a new molecule. He thought he had been told to taste it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose. Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar): The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda, but it is now available under several other brand names. Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
Which of the following statements about the allosteric site is true? a. The allosteric site is a second active site on a substrate in a metabolic pathway. b. The allosteric site on an enzyme can allow the product of a metabolic pathway to inhibit that enzyme and stop the pathway. c. When the allosteric site of an enzyme is occupied, the reaction is irreversible and the enzyme cannot react again. d. An allosteric activator prevents binding at the active site. e. An enzyme that possesses allosteric sites does not possess an active site.

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