By the end of this module you will be able to: • · ● · • . Module 2 Atomic Structure and Nomenclature Module 2 - Objectives Define the terms associated with subatomic particles: Proton Electron Neutron Nucleon Charge Explain how to determine the number of subatomic particles in each element. • Describe elements on the periodic table giving their name, atomic number, and atomic mass unit (amu). Module Explain how to determine if an element is a metal, non-metal, transition metal or metalloid given a periodic table. Explain the differences between groups on the periodic table including chemical and physical properties. Describe the likely ionic charge of elements given a periodic table. Explain what makes isotopes different and what makes them the same. Explain how to name each of the following compounds: Ionic Covalent Polyatomic Ion Acids of each type Write chemical compound name given its formula. Write chemical formula given its name.
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Introduction
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter in the universe, and they consist of three primary components: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The number of protons determines an atom's identity, as each element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus. For example, hydrogen has one proton, and helium has two protons. The number of neutrons in an atom can vary and does not necessarily determine an atom's identity. The number of electrons in an atom determines how it interacts with other atoms.
Atoms generally bond with other atoms in order to satisfy their outermost electron shell. When two atoms bond, they share electrons and form a molecule. This process, known as covalent bonding, is what holds molecules together to form solid objects, liquids, and gases. Different types of atoms can bond to form different types of molecules, which is what gives each element its unique properties.
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