Complete the following diagram, using arrows to show the flow of electrons, for this reaction catalyzed by GAP dehydrogenase. Draw how the enzyme pocket appears as the reaction is completed. Indicate the product (if any).
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- Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.Given the following question, for each of the three reactions catalyzed by NADH dehydrogenase complex, identify the following1. electron donor2. electron acceptor3. the reducing agent4. the oxidizing agentIn the krebs cycle, if the enzyme used succinate dehydrogenase used NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, what impact would it have on the overall production of ATP in the call?
- Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule that is reduced and the one that is oxidized and state which one is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent.Based on their roles in the metabolic process, classify the following substances as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or neither. a. FADH2 b. ATP c. NAD+ d. NADH e. GTP⇔ For the enzymes involved in producing ATP at an extremely high rate, please indicate the products andreactants (written as a GENERAL chemical equation) and enzymes involved in the reactions. Enzyme 1: Equation 1: Enzyme 2: Equation 2: Enzyme 3: Equation 3:
- Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction by selecting an answer choice in the brackets. Sucrose + [2 Pi, 4Pi]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP]+[2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+]+[H2O, 5 H2O, 3 H2O] --> [2 cirate, 2 oxaloacetate, 2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl-coA]+[4 ADP, 2 ADP, 4 ATP, 2ATP] + [2 NAD+, 4 NAD+, 6 NAD+] + [2H+, 8H+, 6 H+, 4 H+, 10 H+] Does the commercial process require aerated culture medium—that is, is this a fermentation or an aerobic process? A. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ B. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells must use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ C. a fermentation process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+ D. an aerobic process, because A. niger cells cannot use O2O2 to continuously regenerate NAD+Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? The reaction can occur in both cytosol and mitochondria Under starved conditions, the reaction becomes reversible to allow the synthesis of ketonebodies The reaction requires FMN as a cofactor Increase in NADH stimulates the reaction None of the aboveWrite a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed bynitrogenase.
- Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where ATP serves as the phosphate donor. Select ALL that apply: a) glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase b) hexokinase c) aldolase class 1 d) PFK e) phosphoglucoisomeraseLactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? The reaction requires vitamin B1 A decrease in the ratio of NADH/NAD+ inhibits the reaction The only fate of the product Y is to be converted to succinyl-CoA All of the above None of the above