Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.

Q: Give one enzyme involved in any of the two oxidative decarboxylation step of the tricarboxylic acid…

A: TCA cycle: This is a chain of chemical reactions to release energy by oxidizing acetyl-CoA generated…

Q: Explain what will happen to reactions of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex when there is a deficiency…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex formed by 3 enzymes that converts pyruvate into…

Q: Use the data in the graph above to calculate the percent inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase…

A: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. Thus helping…

Q: Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers, does not operate a citric acid cycle but contains…

A: Helicobacter pylori is the bacteria which causes gastric ulcers. In H.Pylori, conventional citric…

Q: Using the half reactions from the given table, what is the reaction of this reduction-oxidation?

A: Tricarboxylic acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for oxidation of carbs, fats and…

Q: Compare the transketolase and transaldolase reactions in terms of substrates, products, mechanism,…

A: Transaldolase is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and…

Q: Outline the reactions in the a-oxidation pathway

A: The process of α-oxidation results in the removal of the first carbon atom. The carboxyl group of…

Q: Explain how the conversion of alanine to pyruvic acid (pyruvate) can be identified as an oxidation…

A: Oxidation is the gain of oxygen, loss of electrons, and loss of hydrogen from an atom. The oxidation…

Q: Write the inhibitors of following metabolic pathways 1. glycolysis 2. TCA

A: Generally products of a reaction acts as a inhibitor and substrates of a reaction acts as a…

Q: Which of the following enzymes are required for the shown reaction? a. a-ketoglutarate…

A: The last common mechanism for the oxidation of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is the citric…

Q: The enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: CoO COO NAD+ NADH + H* Но- | malate…

A: Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is an enzyme broadly distributed among living life forms and is a vital…

Q: Which enzyme catalyzes a freely reversible reaction? Pyruvate dehydrogenase Aconitase…

A: The citric acid cycle enzymes are membrane proteins present in the matrix of the mitochondria except…

Q: Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, in which glucose is phosphorylated to form…

A: Glycolysis is a process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate.

Q: To understand the entire glycolytic pathway better, kindly complete the table Structural activator…

A:

Q: Complete following table. Coenzyme Related Function of the Provide a reaction that use this coenzyme…

A: A coenzyme is an organic compound that gets bind to the enzyme’s active sites to help in the…

Q: Which of the following reactions is  reversible and irreversible? Why?  a. Pyruvate +…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…

Q: for E, values, calculate AG" for oxidation of malate by malate dehydrogenase.

A: The reaction is NAD+ + Malate ---> NADH + oxaloacetate + H+

Q: NAD+ coenzyme is required for the reaction of ethanol in the liver to ethanal and NADH. Write down…

A: In liver, ethanol is converted into acetaldehyde, an ethanal and a carcinogen by the enzyme alcohol…

Q: Show the carbon atom that changes oxidation state during the reaction catalyzed by…

A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis in…

Q: Ethanol is oxidized in the liver to form acetate, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA. Determine…

A: Ethanol is a compound with chemical formula, C2H6O. It has an ethyl group bonded to a hydroxy or…

Q: Identify the substrates for the nine-reaction Krebs cycle and the overall products.

A: The citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle is the major cycle that forms ATP. It is a closed cyclic…

Q: Describe the cause and significance of metabolicsyndrome.

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that affects the structure or function of an organism and is…

Q: Write the overall reaction for the conversion of acetylCoA and oxaloacetate to succinate by citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is the sequential chemical reaction that takes place in aerobic organisms…

Q: For the following reactions, name both the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction and the required…

A: Enzymes are considered as catalytic protein which helps in the catalysis of reaction. The coenzyme…

Q: Write a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed bynitrogenase.

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in catalyzing or speeding up biological reactions by…

Q: Complete the following sentence by selecting the correct cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase…

A: Introduction:- PDH connects the citric acid cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation to the…

Q: The thiolate anion of CoA acts as a/an nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon of the enzyme bound…

A: Fatty acid are activated to acyl CoA by thiokinase or acyl CoA synthetase. This step occurs in…

Q: In the tricarboxylic acid cycle, L-malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, using NAD+ as an oxidizing…

A: Given Values: Standard reduction potential for the conversion of oxaloacetate to malate = -0.166 V…

Q: The reaction is reversible. Check all that apply. acetyl CoA lactate ethanol

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Write the net ATP in glyconeogenesis and write the net reaction of it...

A: Glyconeogenesis is the synthesis of sugars like glucose and glycogen from sources other than…

Q: The major enzymatic defense against oxidative stress is provided by superoxide dismutase,…

A: Oxidative stress is caused due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the body. The…

Q: Outline the mechanism of the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to succinylCoA catalyzed by…

A: The last common mechanism for the aerobic oxidation of fuel molecules is the citric acid cycle. In…

Q: Select the following enzymes that utlize a mechanism involving covalent catalysis. Select ALL that…

A: Covalent catalysis: The process of covalent catalysis involves the formation of covalent bonds…

Q: Explain How arsenic affects the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is a reaction in which pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

Q: Which of the following statements are TRUE? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation,…

A: Glucose is the simplest monosaccharide that is catabolized to generate ATP via respiration. Glucose…

Q: List the steps and the enzyme in each step in the biosynthesis of palmatic acid using acetyl-CoA as…

A: Biosynthesis of palmitic acid occurs in the cytosol of animals and yeast, and the chloroplast stroma…

Q: hexokinase catalyzes the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. What may happen if there is…

A: Glycolysis  The step in respiration in which single 6 carbon molecule glucose converted into 2…

Q: Identify each of the following biomolecules. Explain the function of each in biochemical processes.…

A: Biomolecules are macromolecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen…

Q: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard…

A: The correct reactions are : (a), (b), (c).

Q: Write an equation for the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC) complex is considered as the crucial complex, which is known to…

Q: In some brain cancer cells, a mutated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase, instead of catalyzing the…

A: The brain is part of the central nervous system. It is located inside the skull. The brain has three…

Q: During glycolysis, fructose 1,6-biphosphate splits into two compounds: ______________ after reacting…

A: The process of glycolysis is defined as the multistep pathway that aims at the production of…

Q: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard…

A: Dear students, The given question has multiple subparts. According to the guidelines, we will…

Q: Discuss each method of regulating phosphofructokinase 1 (indicated by the blue circle) as shown…

A: One of the most essential glycolysis regulatory enzymes is phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1). It's an…

Q: Select the following enzymes that utilize a mechanism where an enediol intermediate is formed. Check…

A:

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.