Consider a local variable x bound to a reference type value, in the following assignment statement: y - f(x) Is it possible for the value x references to change as a result of evaluating this assignment statement? O No, because there will be a separate, distinct copy of x 's value in the corresponding parameter of f's frame O No, only y 's value may change as it is the left-hand side of the assignment operator O No, but for reasons not specified above O Yes, because f could reassign a new value to be bound to x O Yes, because f receives a parameter referencing the same value as x O Yes, but for reasons not specified above

Using a lambda expression, complete the mul_by_num function. This function should take an argument num and return a one argument function that multiplies any value passed to it by num. Its body must be one line long: def mul_by_nunum): Returns a function that takes one argument and returns num times that argument. >>> x = mul_by_num(5) >> y = mul_by_num(2) >>> X (3) 15 >>> y(-4) -8 IIIII "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"

For the following, compute the weakest precondition for the following assignment statement given the postcondition. y = 2y – 1 { y > 1}

For each of the following expressions, write functions f1, f2, f3, and f4 such that the evaluation of each expression succeeds, without causing an error. Be sure to use lambdas in your function definition instead of nested def statements. Each function should have a one line solution. f1 takes in nothing and returns 3. f2 takes in nothing and returns a function that takes in nothing and returns 3. f3 takes in nothing and returns a function that takes in 1 value and returns that same value. f4 takes in nothing and returns a function. This function takes in nothing and returns another function. This next function takes in a value and returns yet another function. This final function takes in nothing and returns the value passed into the previous function (if this explanation is confusing, have a look at the doctest, and it might be more clear). def f1(): >>> f1() 3 |||||| "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***" def f2(): |||||| >>> f2() () 3 |||||| "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***" def f3(): |||||| >>> f3() (3)…

Given a function with one vector parameter scores. How should the parameter be defined if scores may by very large and the function will modify the parameter? A) constant, and pass by value B) not constant and pass by value C) not constant and pass by reference D) constant and pass by reference

Trucks take up more space on the road and are slowed down more by hills and steep inclines. Each truck on the road is translated into a number of cars using the following table. Car Terrain type equivalent of one Truck level 1.7 rolling 4.0 mountainous 8.0 Write the function car_equivalent_factor(terrain_type) that takes a string containing one of the three terrain types and returns the number of car equivalents for a truck on the given terrain. You function should always return float Notes: • You can assume that the function will always be called with one of the three valid terrain types. For example: Test Result factor = car_equivalent_factor('level') 1.7 print(factor) Answer: (penalty regime: 0, 10, 20, ... %) Ace editor not ready. Perhaps reload page? Falling back to raw text area.

3. Let S(x) be the statement "x studied for the exam" and H(x, y) be the statement "x scored higher than y in the exam," where the domain of x and y consists of all students in this class. Which logical expression corresponds to the following statement? "Every student in this class who studied for the exam scored higher in the exam than every student who did not study for the exam." a. VxVy (H (x, y) → (S(x) ^ ¬S(y))) b. VxVy(S(x)^¬S(y) ^ H (x, y)) c. VxVy((S(x) ^ ¬S(y)) → H (x, y)) d. VxVy((S(x) → ¬S(y)) → H (x, y))

HW-5 1) Write the function find_min(a,b,c) that returns minimum of given three parameters a,b, and c. 2) Write the function draw_circle(pencolor, speed, pensize, fillcolor, radius) that draws a circle based on given parameters pen color, speed, pen size, fill color, and radius. 3) Write the function my rand(start, end) that returns a random number between given parameters start and end.