Denny studied factors affecting cardiovascular reactivity to a postural change in a sample of healthy men and women. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position was used as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of blood pressure was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was determined every 30 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table describing the characteristics of Denny’s sample: Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a nominal scale? Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an ordinal scale? Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an interval scale?
Denny studied factors affecting cardiovascular reactivity to a postural change in a sample of healthy men and women. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position was used as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of blood pressure was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was determined every 30 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table describing the characteristics of Denny’s sample:
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a nominal scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an ordinal scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an interval scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a ratio scale?
- Which measures of
central tendency , if any, are presented in this table? - Which measures of dispersion, if any, are presented in this table (Ranges, SDs)?
- If age is
normally distributed , approximately what percent of the sample would be younger than 50? - If BMI is normally distributed, approximately what percent of the sample would have a BMI higher than 33.1?
Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Sample (N=842)
|
Sample Characteristic |
Frequency (n) |
Percent or Mean (SD) |
|
|
|
Gender |
Female |
408 |
48.5% |
55.1 |
|
Male |
434 |
51.5% |
||
|
Age (years) |
|
842 |
(5.1) |
44–67 |
|
Age 60 and older |
101 |
16.2% |
||
|
Race/ethnicity |
White, not Hispanic |
701 |
83.3% |
|
|
African American |
141 |
16.7% |
||
|
Smoking status |
Nonsmoker |
698 |
82.9% |
24.9 |
|
Currently smokes ≤ 1 packs/day |
91 |
10.8% |
||
|
Currently smokes 1+ packs/day |
53 |
6.3% |
||
|
BMI |
BMI |
831 |
(4.1) |
18.1–36.3 |
|
BMI > 25 (overweight) |
295 |
35.5% |
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