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Describe the difference between protic and aprotic solvents. Provide an example of each to support your answer.
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- Classify these solvents as either protic or aprotic solvents.Which of the following would be an optimal choice for a solvent extraction diluent and why? For the others, what limitations hold them back? a) Dodecane b) Methane c) Decanol d) Chloroform1. Based on your knowledge on pKa, pH and ionisation describe a method whereby you can separate a solution containing: Sodium bicarbonate and ascorbic acid. 2. Briefly discuss why water is the liquid of choice in (1) car cooling systems and (2) in houses’ central heating systems. 3. Explain how to prepare standard solutions (5 ml each) of NaCl with the following concentrations: 10, 20, 30, 50, 70 ppm. The stock solution has a concentration of 0.05% w/v.
- Considering the procedure below: “Determination of the concentration of HCl: Pipette 10 mL of hydrochloric acid and transfer to a 100 mL volumetric flask, complete the volume with water and homogenize. Remove a 10 mL aliquot of this solution and transfer it to a second dilution in a 100 mL volumetric flask, complete the volume with water and homogenize. Take a 20 mL aliquot of this last solution and transfer to a 250 mL erlenmeyr and add 20 mL of distilled water and 4 drops of the acid-base indicator. Titrate with a previously standardized 0.100 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the indicator turns.” Answer: a) In this titration, the indicator used is phenolphthalein. Discuss the use of this indicator considering its turning range and pH at the stoichiometric point of the titration. Justify. b) Considering that the volume of titrant used was equal to 24.5 mL, calculate the concentration of HCl in the sample in mol/L.give two examples of internal standards for menthol and thc analysis.Determination of the impurity of peroxide compounds in medical ether is carried out using a reagent: A) Potassium permanganate in sulfuric acid B) Sodium nitrite in an acid medium C) Potassium iodide D) Potassium periodate
- Provide a complete and detailed separation scheme for the following compounds, you have the following chemicals: 1.0M NaOH, 1.0M HCl, THF, H2O. Consider you have any standard glassware and a separatory funnel.During your first day on the job as a research assistant, you are preparing 50 mL of hybridization solution with the following components and working concentrations: 50% formamide 5X sodium salt citrate 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate You start from the following concentrated stock solutions: 100% formamide 20X sodium salt citrate 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate How much of each concentrated stock solution and water will you add?MAKE A METHODOLOGY : MATERIALS/ REAGENTS WITH SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM . THE PICTURE UPLOADED SERVES AS A GUIDE, DO THE SAME THING BASED FROM THE PIC. Procedure: Place 20 drops of each of 0.2M CuSO4 in a centrifuge tube. Then add 5 drops of freshly prepared 6M (NH4)2S to each centrifuge tube. Record your observation. Centrifuge the mixtures for 3 mins. and decant the supernatant liquid. Add 10 drops of DI water and 10 drops of 6M HNO3. Stir and boil the mixture in a hot water bath for 5 mins. centrifuge the mixture for 3 mins. Decant the supernatant solution from procedure 3. Discard the To each of the supernatant liquid, add 6 drops of 6M H2SO4. Allow themixtures to cool and 5 drops of DI water. To the mixtures in procedure 4, add few drops of concentrated NH3 until the solution becomes basic. Confirm using a litmus paper. Record your observation. Add 1 drop of 5M NaOH and 1 drop of 0.1 M SnCl2 to the centrifuge tube containing Bi3+ ion , centrifuge and decant the supernatant liquid. To…
- 1.Describe other melting point apparatus that are available for routine analysis. 2. Explain the differences in melting point of these test compounds by relating with their structures and intermolecular or intramolecular forces of attraction: a. benzoic acid and salicylic acid b. p-aminobenzoic acid and salicylic acid c. oxalic acid and succinic acid d. succinic acid and malic acid2.3 In an experiment the essential oils from herbs, were extracted with water. Explain how you will separate the oils from the water using liquid-liquid extraction. Discuss the procedure, equipment and extraction solvent choice.Some procedures include the addition of sodium carbonate before liquid-liquid extraction. What is the purpose of this step?