Describe the molecular basis of the property of water responsible for the presence of ice on the surface of a frozen lake.

Q: 1. Roughly sketch the phase diagram, using units of atmosphere and Kelvin.

A: Triple point: The condition of pressure and temperature under which gas, liquid and solid phases of…

Q: Does the strength of the intermolecular forces in a liquid change as the liquid is heated? Explain.…

A: Yes, the strength of the intermolecular forces in a liquid change as the liquid is heated.…

Q: What is surface tension, and what conditions must existfor it to occur?

A: Surface tension is a characteristic property of the liquid which arises due to the fact that…

Q: Explain ion dipole interaction and ion induced  dipole interaction. Give examples

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Q: Explain the concept of polarizability and how it relates to dispersion forces?

A: Neutral molecules can be polarized which affects their dispersion forces of attraction.

Q: Explain the concepts of viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action?

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Q: In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquid and solid differs? How are they similiar?

A: There are mainly three physical states in which matter exist- solids, liquid, and gases. A substance…

Q: Illustrate the Origin of surface tension ?

A: Surface tension is the property of a liquid that tends to occupy the smallest surface area. Like…

Q: Draw a simple iron–carbon phase diagram showing the liquid, liquid–solid,and solid phases.

A: Phase diagrams are graphical representations of the phases present in an alloy at different…

Q: 8. The temperature at which a solid melts is the same as the temperatur Physical properties are used…

A: Freezing point is the temperature at which a substance freezes. Melting point is the temperature at…

Q: List the Properties of Liquid Crystals?

A: The properties of Liquid crystals have to be listed.

Q: What is the difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid?

A: The difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid will be as follow:

Q: 12. In the accompanying phase diagram, a liquid can be present at combinations of temperature and…

A: A phase is a physically distinct boundary which is separable. In a phase diagram of a compound, as…

Q: Predict the phase of water that exists under the following conditions: a) P = 200 kPa, T=110°C b) P…

A: Phase diagram of water:

Q: Cite real-life applications of cooling curve and determination of the freezing point of a substance.

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Q: Temperature (°C) -77.7 Selected Points Triple point Critical point Normal boiling point Normal…

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Q: What is the fundamental difference between an amorphous solid and a crystalline solid?

A: Solids are of two types based on their structure. They are amorphous solids and crystalline solids.

Q: Does the strength of the intermolecular forces in a liquid change as the liquid is heated? Explain.…

A: The forces which provide interaction including force of repulsion and attraction acting between the…

Q: If the melting point of ice changed to 3.0 °C, how would this affect the molar enthalpy of fusion…

A: Molar enthalpy of fusion is the energy required to change one mole of a substance from solid phase…

Q: what is the intermolecular force occurs in liquid Br2?

A: In Br2, London force are exist London disperson Force :- London dispersion force is weakest…

Q: Explain why the temperature remains constant during the process of melting and condensation.

A: The temperature remains constant during the process of melting because the physical state of the…

Q: a) i) Explain how the following equation leads to a formal definition of surface tension: dG = ydA…

A: i) The given equation is:

Q: Which of the following forms a molecular solid?     gold     CaO        C, graphite     C9H8O4

A: Given that : We have to identify which of the following forms a molecular solid : Gold CaO C,…

Q: What is the Critical point and Triple point of the phase diagram?

A: Given: Phase diagram To find: Critical point and triple point Solution: Phase diagram is the graph…

Q: Describe the energetics of vaporization?

A: It is also called as enthalpy of vaporization. Vaporization enthalpy, also known as vaporization…

Q: Which has the highest surface tension? CH3OH, C2H5OH, or C3H7OH

A: Surface tension: surface tension forces are due to intermolecular forces between the liquid…

Q: Refer to Fig. 4A.9. Which phase or phases would you expect to be present for a sample of H2O at: (i)…

A: 1Pa = 9.869 x 10-6 atm so 1 atm = 101325 Pa (i) So at 100 k,1 atm a sample of H2O would be in the…

Q: You have ice at 263 K (-10.0 oC) and 1.0 atm. What could you do to make the ice sublime?

A: The phase diagram of water is shown below.

Q: The type of interaction formed between carbon tetrachloride and iodine crystals

A: Carbon tetrachloride is colorless liquid with sweet smell. It features four non polar covalent bonds…

Q: Use the phase diagram of Substance X below to find the pressure at which the melting point of X is…

A: In the given graph , where the red line is intersecting both x and y axes are the required points

Q: what is meant by the term polarizability?

A: Polarization means separation of charges. So, as the name suggests, the polarizability is the…

Q: pressure Units of pressure: • 1 atm = 101325 Pa (pascal) • 1 atm = 760 torr (mmHg) sold iquid vapour…

A: Answer There are two important points in this diagram 1) the triple point…

Q: What is the phase change from 82 to 86 K at a constant 1.0 atm? *

A: The phase diagram represents the changes in the phase of a compound upon variation of temperature…

Q: Using a few words and a simple diagram, explain the origin of London forces. Be sure your answer…

A: London forces arise due to the following reason

Q: Describe the two main factors leading to sea-level rise, and relate them to the phase changes of…

A: There are various factors responsible for the rise in the sea-water level.  Below are the two main…

Q: (a) How do the viscosity and surface tension of liquids change as intermolecular forces become…

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Q: Define the terms Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Capillary Action?

A: Surface tension can be defined as the force acting along a perpendicular axis over the unit length…

Q: What is the significance of the triple point in a phase diagram?

A: All matter can be classified as solid, liquid and gases mainly. In these physical states of matter,…

Q: Which of the following physical properties depend on intermolecular forces. | surface tension Il…

A: Intermolecular forces are the forces that mediate interaction between molecules including  force of…

Q: Describe the major features of the phase diagram?

A: The major features of a phase diagram is, They are phase boundaries and they have triple point. This…

Q: The standard enthalpy of fusion of aluminum at 933K is 10.9 kJ/mol. How much energy (in kJ) is…

A: Answer: 58.2 kJ energy required to completely melt 144.11 g of aluminium 933 K.

Q: What feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor in a closed…

A: If we have dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor the rate of evaporation and…

Q: Describe Dipole-Dipole Interaction?

A:

Q: As the temperature increases, do you expect the surface tension ofa liquid to increase, decrease, or…

A: The temperature is inversely proportional to the surface tension.

Q: a. Carbon dioxide is gas but water is liquid at room temperature-Illustrate with suitable phase…

A:

Q: The figure shows the phase diagram corresponding to the element sulfur. Sulfur exists as liquid,…

A: The graph of phase change with P vs T is given as:

Q: INTERPRETING PHASE DIAGRAMS OF WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE 218 Liquid B Liquid Solid Solid 5.2 Gas Gas…

A: A question based on phase diagram that is to be accomplished.

Crystal Structures

Solids are present all around us. They have different properties and applications. Diamond and graphite are two well-known solids. Diamond is the hardest material in the world and is used in making jewelry. Graphite on the other hand is soft. The lead of your pencil is graphite. Why are they so different in appearance and properties despite the fact they are chemically the same? Both are allotropes of carbon. The answer lies in the structure, the way constituent particles are arranged in the solids.