Why are oncogenes usually dominant in their action, whereas tumor-suppressor genes are recessive?

Q: How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the…

A: Epigenetics is the study of various alterations in an organism occurred because of certain gene…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?

A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…

Q: Is the presence of oncogenic Ras necessary for transient inflammatory stimulation to induce chronic…

A: Cancer is disease in which there is uncontrolled proliferation of cell.  In organisms, cell…

Q: Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is FALSE? a) Inactivation of tumor…

A: False statement about tumor suppressor genes.

Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…

A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is most likely…

A: Question - A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressorgene? Give two examples of each…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…

A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…

Q: Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? a.RET b.RB c.BRCA1 d.BRCA2

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).…

Q: Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor…

A: When we talk about cancer, there are certain genes associated with it. Oncogenes are genes that are…

Q: Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor…

A: Oncogene The gene that are cancerous and divide cell abnormally.

Q: An individual can inherit a gene in which expression has been altered by an ________ change with no…

A:

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Mutations in proto-oncogenes that turn them into oncogenes tend to be dominant, while cancer-causing…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that suppress the formation of tumors in the cells or tissues…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: Describe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote…

A: It codes for a protein or a functional product rRNA (ribosomal RNA) or tRNA (transfer RNA). DNA is…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single…

A: The medical condition of cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth pattern of the cells…

Q: How does the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to tumorigenesis and disease…

A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a method within which epithelial cells acquire…

Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…

A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…

Q: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene?  How can mutations in…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normally switched off. But when they get activated they cause tumors. On the…

Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…

A: Loss of function mutation is otherwise known as inactivating mutations. This type of mutation is…

Q: An oncogene is produced from a                   that has acquired a                      .a.…

A: Cancer is an abnormal condition that leads to proliferation of normal cells. They are caused due to…

Q: How does the normal p53 protein inhibit cancer development?

A: Tumor-suppressor genes code for proteins that repair damaged DNA (preventing a cell from turning…

Q: Apart from p53, mention and describe the function of three tumor suppressor genes you know

A: The cancer related genes can be divided into two broad categories like the proto-oncogenes and tumor…

Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…

A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…

Q: How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?

A: A proto-oncogene is a cell's normal gene. Proto-oncogenes are plentiful. Each one is in charge of…

Q: What is the most likely reason for a heterogeneous genetic makeup of a tumor that arises from a…

A: the answer is given in next step.

Q: If a particular proto-oncogene has been altered by mutation into an oncogene such that it is…

A: Proto oncogenes are the genes which are inactivated in normal cell but when they get activated, it…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: How do we know that malignant tumors arise from a single cell that contains mutations?

A: Malignant tumors are multicellular cell masses invading normal tissues and disrupting their function…

Q: How do BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in regard to cell proliferation (are they proto-oncogenes,…

A: jjBRCA proteins play an important role in a variety of biological functions. In response to DNA…

Q: What is the role of regulatory gene mutations in cancer?

A: Regulatory genes are defined as genes which control or regulate the expression of one or multiple…

Q: What is haploinsufficiency? How might it affect cancer risk?

A: The term in genetics that explains the function of the dominant gene in the representation of…

Q: Researchers have identified some tumors that have no recurrent mutations or deletions in known…

A: Deletion is a genetic aberration in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out…

Q: What are the key steps of transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis on a cellular and tissue…

A: Transformation is a process in which a normal cell is transform into a cancerous cell  Tumor genesis…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.