Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 15QP
Which of the following mutations will result in cancer?
- a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein
- b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
- c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional
- d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
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Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene?
a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells.
b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses.
c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth.
d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.
Which of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes?
Group of answer choices
a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene
b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation).
c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation)
d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth
e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosis
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12.10 - If improved diagnostic tests are developed from...Ch. 12.10 - If you had cancer, would you donate tissue samples...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1GRCh. 12.10 - Another model, the random model, proposes that any...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Mike was referred for genetic counseling because...Ch. 12 - Theodor Boveri predicted that malignancies would...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between a familial and a sporadic...Ch. 12 - Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do...
Ch. 12 - Prob. 4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QPCh. 12 - What is the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 12 - Distinguish between dominant inheritance and...Ch. 12 - Describe the likelihood of developing bilateral...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12QPCh. 12 - The search for the BRCA1 breast cancer gene...Ch. 12 - What are the roles of cellular proto-oncogenes,...Ch. 12 - Which of the following mutations will result in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16QPCh. 12 - The following family has a history of inherited...Ch. 12 - You are in charge of a new gene therapy clinic....Ch. 12 - Prob. 19QPCh. 12 - Can you postulate a reason or reasons why children...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21QPCh. 12 - In Section 12-1, Julie is concerned that she may...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23QPCh. 12 - What are some factors that epidemiologists have...Ch. 12 - Smoking cigarettes has been shown to be associated...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26QPCh. 12 - Studies have shown that there are significant...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.arrow_forward
- Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin gene to be expressed at all times during the cell cycle B) a mutation that causes an oncogene to be turned off so that no protein is made C) a mutation that causes a Cdk gene to be turned off so that no protein is made D) a mutation that causes a tumor suppressor gene to be over-expressedarrow_forwardWhy does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?arrow_forwardDefine tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to behave as a recessive gene?arrow_forward
- The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests A. the p53 gene is an oncogene because inactivated alleles would produce mutated signal transduction proteins that would result in stimulating cell division. B. the p53 gene is an oncogene because the cell would overproduce transcription factors to compensate for the inactive alleles, resulting in increased cell division. C. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because inactivated alleles indicate a loss of protein function which allowed the cancer to develop D. the p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene because the cell would produce too few transcription factors for gene activation, resulting in decreased cell division.arrow_forwardIn what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated with cancer? Why? Group of answer choices 1. Tumor suppressor genes, because genes in this category are very important in the process of developing cancer. 2. Proto-oncogenes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype. 3. Proto-oncogenes, because there are very few genes in this category, so mutations in them are rare. 4. Tumor suppressor genes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype.arrow_forwardWhich of the following associated with cancer development would you expect to be tumor promoters and not genotoxic carcinogens (select all that apply)? A. Excessive alcohol consumption that kills liver cells B. Bisphenol A which mimics the activity of estrogen C. Chemical in pesticides that binds and activates a transcription factor that cause activation of NFkB D. Chemical in cigarette smoke that forms adduct with DNA E. A viral infection that causes ulcerative coilitis of GI tractarrow_forward
- Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of mutations would be advantageous to a cancer cell (select all that apply)? A. An inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene B. Methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene C. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene D. Mutation that inactivated DNA repair gene E. An inactivating mutation in an oncogenearrow_forwardWhich of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer? Choose all that apply a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor genearrow_forward
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