DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ is used to transform a strain with genotype a− b− c− d− e−. Pairs of genes are checked for cotransformation, and the following results are obtained: Pair of genes Cotransformation Pair of genes Cotransformation a+ and b+ No b+ and d+ No a+ and c+ No b+ and e+ Yes a+ and d+ Yes c+ and d+ No a+ and e+ Yes c+ and e+ Yes b+ and c+ Yes d+ and e+ No On the basis of these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome?

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.