Q: Can you please help me by drawing a serie of schematic figures that demonstrates the information in…
A: Proteins undergo post-translational modifications to increase their functional diversity. The…
Q: Describe the nature of p53 reactivation as acancer-fighting strategy
A: Cancer is a condition that arises due to uncontrolled cell division.
Q: Defects in this gene have been associated with metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Select one: O a. APC…
A: Answer : Option "G" is correct - BRCA1
Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?
A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…
Q: Is there a possibility that by manipulating the microenvironment, we could disrupt the signals…
A: Mutator phenotype is seen in cancer cells. This condition is caused by mutations in genes that are…
Q: Part of the Ras protein is associated with the plasma membrane, and part extends into the cytoplasm.…
A: Ras are a family of small GTPases that are involved in signal transduction part of the cell…
Q: Loss of p53 function occurs in the majority of human tumors. Name two ways in which loss of p53…
A: A tumor is considered an abnormal growth of tissues in the body. The tumor can be cancerous, if it…
Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…
A: Answer is option 3.
Q: Define Suppressor Mutations.
A: Suppressor mutations are helpful for distinguishing new genetic sites that have an effect on a…
Q: Mutations that inactivate p53 have a recessive phenotype, whereas mutations affecting Ras are…
A: P53 is a tumor protein, which codes for the protein that regulates the cell cycle and suppresses…
Q: Explain
A: The process by which information encoded in a gene is used to control the assembly of a protein…
Q: How does constitutively active Ras promote cancer?
A: In physiology carcinogenesis is known as the production of cancerous cells or tumor cells by…
Q: What are ras Proto-oncogenes ?
A: Ras Proto-oncogenes - Ras is an example of a proto-oncogene. Here we will know about the Ras…
Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells
A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…
Q: You have two patients with pancreatic cancer. Patient 1 has a KRAS oncogenic mutation; a myc…
A: Answer a : - CBP-93872 is the most effective in patients having loss of function mutation for tumour…
Q: A mutation in Ras that prevents Ras from hydrolyzing GTP. Would cause? Why? A. Increased…
A: To produce many diploid cell progeny, cell proliferation is achieved by combining cell growth with…
Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…
A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…
Q: In chapter 8 we read that in tumor cells Rb protein is hyperphosphorylated. In response to that,…
A: p53 suppresses the cell proliferation mediated by the Rb-E2F pathway. Phosphorylation of Rb by…
Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can…
A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that are involved in various checkpoints in the cell cycle,…
Q: Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.
A: Any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in multiple animals, such as TP53 and Trp53, is…
Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…
A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…
Q: Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50%…
A: The correct option is F. Transcription factor
Q: A mutation in the Ras protein renders Ras constitutively active (RasD). What is constitutive…
A: The Ras protein can be referred to as tiny G protein that requires phosphorylation of guanosine…
Q: majority of cancers in human are due to mutations in the p53 gene, however, cancers that are caused…
A: P 53 protein is also known as the tumor suppressor protein which is a type of phosphoprotein edit…
Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.
A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…
Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.
A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…
Q: If p63 can bind to the same promoter elements as p53, why would it be considered an inhibitor of…
A: Promoters are DNA sequences that function as a kind of "On" switch to start the biological process…
Q: Which of the following can lead to p53 stabilization and activation? O Hypoxia
A: P53 is a tumour suppressor gene that plays an important role in controlling cell division and cell…
Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…
A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…
Q: What is the rationale for synthesizing and rapidly degrading p53 protein in the cell?
A: P53 is a nuclear transcription factor with pro apoptotic function as 50% of human Kansas carries…
Q: does P53 It integrate together information from over a hundred proteins about the mutational state…
A: A gene that makes a protein that is found inside the nucleus of cells and plays a key role in…
Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…
A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…
Q: Why would a translocation that put Ras behind the promoter region of the actin gene lead to the…
A: Protooncogenes are activated by mutations that cause structural changes in their encoded proteins.…
Q: what are the normal funtions of the p53 gene
A: p53 gene is also called as tumour suppressor gene or Tp53 gene produces the protein called tumour…
Q: Describe the common signal transduction event that is perturbed by cancer-promoting mutations in the…
A: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that runs in families. Peripheral…
Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factors such as ER stress, light, and hypoxia (low…
A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…
Q: Describe the mutational event that produces the MYC oncogene in Burkitt’s lymphoma. Why does the…
A: Burkitt lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that affects adults and children. NHL is…
Q: Can you think of two ways in which the function of p53 can be disrupted?
A: P53 is a tumor suppressor gene which normally restrains growth and mutation in this causes loss of…
Q: Name two ways in which loss of p53 function contributes to a malignant phenotype. Explain how…
A: We know that, an abnormal growth of tissues in the body is know as tumor. A tumor can change into…
Q: Cellular levels of tumor suppressor protein p53 is maintained by a ubiquitin ligase protein, called…
A: From the above information, we can make the following inferences - 1. p53, as indicated in the…
Q: Why are the proteins called p53 and Ras studied so much these days?
A: P53 and Ras, both proteins are involved in the cancer mechanism. Cancer is a condition in which the…
Q: Which of the following must occur for programmed cell death (apoptosis): 1. p53 must be stabilized…
A: Apoptosis is called as the programmed death of the cell which is controlled genetically. The protein…
Q: In tumor cells Rb protein is hyperphosphorylated. In response to that, will p53 level increase or…
A: Rb protein is a very powerful tumor suppressor protein it checks the cell cycle and when it's levels…
Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…
A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…
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- Having a mutant form of the gene XYZ is associated with a higher incidence of cancer than is seen in the general population. If mutant XYZ runs in a woman’s family, will she automatically get cancer? Explain why or why not.Can you think of two ways in which the function of p53 can be disrupted?Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.
- As the most junior member of a lab, you are tasked with generating cell lines that accumulate DNA damage to investigate how random mutations affect transformation of cells into cancer cells. You decide to mutate proteins in the p53 pathway. Which three proteins would you mutate? Explain your reasoning.Skin cancer requires a number of mutations, several of which are often caused by the sun in individual skin cells. With this is mind, if you develop melanoma (skin cancer) on your arm, will you pass on that same melanoma to your offspring? Why or why not? Explain in your own words.Why is it only the risk for cancer that is inherited?
- What protein does the P53 code for and why is it important?A woman has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. Her doctor tells her that while cancer is a multifactorial disease, she carries the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1. One of her two identical twin 19-year-old daughters is afraid that she also may have inherited the gene.-What considerations would you give her daughter who is worried about inheriting the cancer gene?When the DNA of a human cell becomes damaged, the p53 geneis activated. What is the general function of the p53 protein?Is it an enzyme, transcription factor, cell-cycle protein, orsomething else? Describe three ways in which the synthesisof the p53 protein affects cellular function. Why is it beneficialfor these three things to happen when a cell’s DNA hasbeen damaged?
- How can environmental agents that do not cause gene mutationscontribute to cancer? Would these epigenetic changes be passed tooffspring?Most forms of cancer are caused by environmental agents that produce mutations in somatic cells. Is an individual with cancer considered a genetic mosaic? Explain why or why not.What is cancer? What defects are commonly found in cancer cells? Do all cancer cells have mutations in the same genes? Explain.