Does cellular respiration result in a net input of energy or a net output of energy? Explain.

Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation

When muscle cells run out of oxygen, what happens to the potential for energy extraction from sugars and what pathways do the cell use?

Cellular respiration is completed in the ______. a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. plasma membrane d. cytoplasm

Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.

Explain the reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration.

Would you describe metabolic pathways as inherently wasteful or inherently economical, and why?

How is the function of the thylakoid membrane similar to that of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

The glucose that enters the glycolysis pathway is split into two molecules of _____. a. ATP b. phosphate c. NADH d. pyruvate

Match the terms with the best description. ___ mitochondrial matrix a. needed for glycolysis ___ pyruvate b. inner gel ___ NAD+ c. makes many ATP ___ mitochondrion d. product of glycolysis ___ NADH e. reduced coenzyme ___ anaerobic f. no oxygen required