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- Consider the sterilization of a sodium gluconate production medium in the holding section of a continuous sterilizer. Assuming constant temperature, the specific death rate constant of the contaminant is 20 s-1 . If the average residence time in the holding section is 10 seconds, calculate the Del factor for the following and explain the results. i. For Pe = 400 ii. For Pe = 400, assuming plug flow iii. For Pe = 100 iv. For Pe = 100, assuming plug flowA continuious, stirred-tank bioreactor with an actively growing culture of bacteria is operating at steady state. While holding all other operating parameters constant, the flowrate is suddenly decreased. A new steady state is achieved. When comparing the new steady state conditions to the original steady state conditions, what can be said ? (select the best answer from below). any of the answers given here could be true, we'd have to know the initial steady state Substrate concentration went up and productivity could have gone up or down Substrate concentration went down and productivity could have gone up or down Substrate concentration went up and productivity went down Substrate concentration went up and productivity went up Substrate concentration went down and productivity went up Substrate concentration went down and productivity went downcontinuous disc stack centrifuge is operated at 5000 rpm for separation of tukers' yeast. At a feed rate of 60 min21, thirty of the cells are recovered. For operation at constant centrifuge speed, solids recovery is inversely proportional to the flow rate. (a) What flow rate is required to achieve 90% cell recovery if the centrifuge speed is maintained at 5000rpm thi What operating speed is required to achieve 90% recovery at a feed rate of 60 min211).
- A genetically modified bacterium was cultivated to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), and the following yields were obtained: YX/S = 0.106 gX/gS and YP/S = 0.28 gP/gS. Knowing that the culture medium was formulated with glucose, ammonia and some mineral salts, and the cultivation was carried out under aerobic conditions, answer:a) What is the oxygen demand in this process?b) What is the maximum theoretical yield of 1,3-PDO in this process?c) Projecting the scale-up, what cell concentration must be reached to obtain 10 kg of 1,3-PDO in a batch reactor with 1 m3 of culture?You are examining a growth curve data from an experiment. At time 70 min, the optical density was recorded at 0.200. While at time 90 min the optical density was recorded at 0.400. Calculate generation time with these values. show workAs a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1. It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor. Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flowrate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine Disinfection data in the table below can be used.
- Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus lactate aselectron donorsSuppose that you wish to measure the concentration levels of PCBs in air inside a school. You are aiming at using a typical GC injection volume of 3 µL for liquid extracts concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. You want to sample air at the school over a 4-hour period and expect the air concentration of the PCBs to be in the order of 1 ng/m³. What should be the volume of air that you need to sample? Would you need the use the high-volume of the low volume method?What are the two pathways for transfer of electrons from bacteria into the anode surface in the anodic chamber in MFC that is operating with soluble artificial mediator.?
- For the production of a secondary metabolic by Streptomyces coelicolor, a fed batch was performed. At the end of the single batch phase, the following conditions were reached in the reactor: V=10000L, cell concentration X=10g/L and product concentration P=0.1g/L. The feeding was then started with constant flow F= 200L/h, for 100h. Knowing that the substrate concentration in the feeding medium was SF= 80g/L and in the fermentation medium it was practically null, calculate: a) The final concentration of cells and productb) If the reactor were fed with a constant dilution rate (D), what should be the value of D used to reach the same cell concentration obtained in the situation with constant flow?μp= 0.01 g of product/ (g of cells.h)Y x/s = 0.15g cells/g of substrateAn amino acid of interest was produced in a fed-batch culture using glucose in the feed medium. The initial volume of the quasi-steady-state culture was V0= 500 L, and the nutrient solution containing glucose was added at a constant flow rate of F = 50 L/h.Data: X0 (at the beginning of feeding) = 20 g/L, S0 = 300 g/L, max = 0.2 h-1, KS = 0.5 g/L and Y x/s= 0.3 g/g a) Determine the volume of the culture at t = 10hb) Determine the concentration of glucose at t = 10 hc) determine the concentration and total mass of cells at t = 10 hd) If product is associated with growth with α = 1.5 and P0 = 0.1 g/L, determine the concentration of product at t = 10h.An aerobic culture is grown in a continuous bioreactor at 28C and the product of yield was found to be 4 grams product produced per gram of oxygen consumed. It is planned to make this product at a rate of 6 kg/h. Calculate the overall heat of reaction per hour (in kJ/hr).