Everything else held constant a change in workers' expectations about inflation will cause to change. Select one: O a the production function O b. aggregate demand O c short-run aggregate supply Od long-run aggregate supply
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- If, over time, wages and salaries on average rise at least as fast as inflation, why do people worry about how inflation affects incomes?Consider the Efficiency Wage story. Suppose we had several periods of 0 inflation. Let ST represent the total supply of labor; SNS the supply of non-shirking (not lazy) workers, and SShrk the number of shirking (lazy) workers. Suppose we had several periods of 0% inflation. Then if we had an increase in Aggregate Demand that caused an increase in the Aggregate Price level, we would see which of the following in the short run? Group of answer choices a) higher inflation and lower unemployment. b) None of the other options. c) lower inflation (which would be deflation given our premise) and higher unemployment. d) higher inflation and higher unemployment. e) lower inflation (which would be deflation given our premise) and lower unemployment.An economy's aggregate demand curve (the relationship between short-run equilibrium output and inflation) is described by the equation:Y = 15,000 - 12,000π, where π is the inflation rate. Initially, the inflation rate is 2 percent or π = 0.02. Potential output Yp equals 14,640.Note: Keep as much precision as possible during your calculations. Your final answer for inflation should be accurate to at least two decimal places and output should be accurate to the nearest whole number.a) Find inflation and output in short-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $0 b) Find inflation and output in long-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $0
- Suppose that an economy has the Phillips curvep=p-1 - O.S(u - 0.06),a) What is the natural rate of unemployment?b) Graph the short-run and long-run relationships between inflation and unemployment.c) How much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by S percentage points?d) Using Okun's law, compute the sacrifice ratio e.e)Inflation is running at 10 percent. The Fed wants to reduce it to 5 percent. Give Iwoscenarios that will achieve that goal.Goverment should focus on a- long run growth and controling defalation b- lon run growth and controllin inflation c- short run groth and controllin deflation d short run growth and controlling inflation3. a) Using AD-AS model, explain how a negative demand shock due to COVID 19 will affect the economy in the short run and long run (Show short run and long run adjustment in a single diagram). b) Derive the equation of Expectation Augmented Phillips curve using standard equation of Aggregate Supply (AS) and explain causes of inflation in terms of it. How does expectation augmented Phillips curve explain Stagflation?
- Oil prices are on track to reach $100 a barrel this month for the first time in 2023 after surging by almost 30% sinceJune, after Russian and Saudi Arabian production cuts and rising demand from China.With many industries being heavily reliant on energy and transportation, what type of inflation would this leadto in South Africa?A. Demand-pull inflationB. Cost-push inflationC. StagflationD. HyperinflationWhat is one of the potential effects of the aforementioned inflation on the South African economy?A. Decreased purchasing power of money.B. Increased consumer savings.C. Reduced interest rates on loans.D. Higher demand for imports.1. Suppose that the oil price sharply increased for a while, which increased production costs, causing an adverse supply shock. A. Use the AD-AS model to show the effects on output and the price level in both the short- run and long-run. B. Show the adjustment process of the economy from the short-run to the long-run. C. What is the effect on unemployment in short-run and long-run? D. Can policymakers do something to accommodate this shock? Would the outcome be different in this case?This is nopt an essay, I just need help on Letter B. Suppose that the coronavirus pandemic (COVID 19) in 2020 has resulted in a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve (it has also shifted the short-run aggregate supply to the left, but let’s ignore this effect here for simplification). A. Use the aggregate-demand/aggregate-supply model to show the effects on output and the price level/inflation in both the short run and long run (assume that the short-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping). B. Can policymakers use monetary policy (and/or fiscal policy) to accommodate this shock? Describe what happens to the economy in response to this policy action. This is not an Essay.
- 4: Suppose that a fall in consumer spending causes a recession.a) Illustrate the immediate change in the economy using both an aggregate-supply/aggregate demanddiagram and a Phillips-curve diagram. On both graphs, label the initial long-run equilibrium as point Aand the resulting short-run equilibrium as point B. What happens to inflation and unemployment in theshort run?MA4. 13. If the equation for a country's Phillips curve is π = 0.05 – 0.8(u – 0.05), where π is the rate of inflation and u is the unemployment rate, what is the short-run inflation rate when unemployment is 3 percent (0.03)? A) .066 B) -.056 C) -.066 D) .056 11. The aggregate supply equation is Y = Y + α(P – EP). Assume that Y is 2,000, α = 200, P = 1.12 and EP = 1.00. What is the value of Y? A) 2,232 B) 2,024 C) 2,400 D) 2,012 9. If policymakers announce in advance how policy will respond to various situations but then renege on their announcements, this a problem of: A) policy by rule. B) policy by discretion. C) time inconsistency of policy. D) monetary policy. 10. According to the sticky-price model, output will be above the natural level if: A) firms expect a high price level and the demand for goods is high. B) the proportion of firms with flexible prices equals the proportion of firms with sticky prices. C) the price level is above the…Two main macroeconomic concerns are the problems of inflation andunemployment.a. What are the social costs of inflation? Explain TWO of them? b. What is natural rate of unemployment? Explain the TWO main causesof natural rate of unemployment. With reference specifically to ONEof these causes, suggest ONE practical government policy that reducesthe natural rate of unemployment.
