Explain the importance of primers in pinpointing the region of DNA to be amplified, and discuss why primers make PCR such a powerful and useful process. 4.
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- After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis is often used to: a. amplify the DNA. b. convert cDNA into genomic DNA. c. convert cDNA into messenger RNA. d. verify that the desired DNA sequence has been amplified. e. synthesize primer DNA molecules.Which of the following statements about DNA is false? a. Phosphate is linked to the 5 and 3 carbons of adjacentdeoxyribose molecules. b. DNA is bidirectional in its synthesis. c. Each side of the helix is antiparallel to the other. d. The binding of adenine to thymine is through three hydrogenbonds. e. Avery identified DNA as the transforming factor in crossesbetween smooth and rough bacteria.1. What is the function of the DNA polymerase enzyme in the PCR? 2. What natural process is PCR based on?
- 1.Briefly explain the rationales of adding chemicals that can affect DNA stability in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 2.Why DNA melting is required in PCR? Briefly explain how PCR can be used to detect DNA mutation.1. What is/are the purpose(s) of DNA extraction? 2. What is the function of each reagent used in the extraction of DNA from a banana? a. Saltwater b. Liquid dishwashing soap c. Cold isopropyl alcohol1. The extraction of DNA is a common procedure in biotechnology research laboratories. Research the methods of extracting DNA in biotechnology facilities. Describe how the extraction methods used in this lesson compare to those of research laboratories.
- 1. What is the principle behind the DNA extraction? 2. Describe the features isolated DNA of banana.1.) What are the different temperatures used in PCR (polymerase chain reaction)? What happens at each temperature? 2.) What ingredients are used in PCR? What role does each ingredient have in replicating DNA? 3.) Why is the contamination of foreign DNA a particularly important problem when you do PCR?1. If you forgot to add nucleotides to your PCR master mix, which control reaction tube would have results that are different than they would be if you had prepared them correctly? 7. If you found that there was DNA amplification in your negative control tube, what could be an explanation for that result?
- 5) Which of the following is not a component of a PCR reaction mixture? A) DNA template B) Individual deoxynucleotides C) Taq polymerase D) Sulfer ions E) Primers2. What does the salt in the soapy salt solution do in the DNA extraction? a. It dissolves the DNA. b. It displaced a lot of proteins to free the DNA. c. It disrupts the phospholipid bilayer. d. It precipitates the DNA.3. Write a formula to calculate the number of DNA molecules which will be created for a given number of PCR cycles. 4. In Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), are all the DNA molecules created identical?