For each set: in 1-2 sentences define the term (a) Nucleotide substitution, deletion, insertion

Q: Is lambda DNA circular or linear?

A: Lambda DNA is derived from an E.coli bacteriophage.

Q: It is known that the second amino acid in that protein is argınine, and if we zoom in and look in…

A: The coding strand is the sense strand of the DNA double helix that has the polarity of 5'--> 3'…

Q: Will an insertion or a deletion of three nucleotides result in a frameshift mutation? Explain why or…

A: The frameshift mutation is the mutation by which the amino acid frame is changed. It is usually…

Q: Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change…

A: Mutations are the abrupt changes in the DNA sequences due to wrong reading of the DNA polymerase…

Q: 1.) if the B chain of human hemoglobin is 146 amino acids in length, calculate the minimum # of…

A: The fundamental task of delivering oxygen from the lungs to bodily tissues is performed by red blood…

Q: Which of the following would restore a gene back to its proper reading frame? A. one insertion that…

A: A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion of deletion of a number of…

Q: If pET32a(+) is digested simultaneously with SacI and Bc1I 1. How many fragments are created? 2.…

A: A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves/cuts DNA into fragments…

Q: What proportion of exons are repeated sequences in the human genome? Is 38% surprising?

A: Human Genome is comprised of  only 1.1%  exons of the total, whereas 24% is in introns, and the…

Q: How many units (U) of EcoR1 did you use in the digestion? How much lambda DNA (in ugs) was digested…

A: DNA-cutting enzymes are restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognises a single or a few target…

Q: Describe the genomic structure of the Rabies virus Baltimore Classification of Rabies Viruses  What…

A: Virus-infested diseases are very deadly. These diseases can be prevented, but a maximum number of…

Q: What causes trinucleotide repeat expansion?

A: Trinucleotide repeat expansion or triplet repeat expansion refers to the mutation of DNA consisting…

Q: Explain the cis-acting short DNA sequence elements ?

A: Gene is the basic unit of heredity of all living organisms. It is located in the nucleus organelle…

Q: DNA: 5’-CTCTACTATAAACTCAATAGGTCC-3’ -Write the sequence of the RNA molecule that will be…

A: The transcription is the process in which the mRNA copied information from DNA for protein…

Q: What type of mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was…

A:

Q: A particular variant of the lambda bacteriophage has a DNA double-stranded genome of 51,365 base…

A: DNA is a double stranded helical molecule that is made up of repeating nucleotides. The nucleotides…

Q: If the mutation causing Tay Sachs disease involves a C to T change at position 4 in the sequence…

A: Gene probes are of three types: gene-specific probes, polymorphic probes and oligonucleotide probes.…

Q: Consider the following coding sequence transcribed from 5' to 3' 5' A T G A A G C G C T C A G T A 3'…

A: Substitution of guanine at position 11 would result in to conversion of UCA into UGA (which is a…

Q: Posttranscriptional modifications include adding a 5’ cap and a 3’ tail removing a 5’ cap and a 3’…

A: The process by which the information contained in a strand of DNA is transcribed into a new molecule…

Q: Which of the following are the correct types of chromosomal mutation as shown from Figure 1.4? *…

A: Correct option is B i.e.  Inversion Insertion Deletion Translocation

Q: 4b) Chargaff was the first person to isolate large strands of genomic DNA, rather than small…

A: DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a…

Q: Name and explain the three possible consequences of having a mutation somewhere in the region from…

A: Mutations are the alterations in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism that occurs…

Q: Based on your knowledge of the COVID-19 genome (from question 6), what step(s) in the flow of…

A: Viruses are a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of a living cell…

Q: Next-generation sequencing reveals that six new mutations have occurred in the coding regions of…

A: Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genetic make up of an organism because of several…

Q: Upon going through the complete process of gene expression, which amino acid would be most likely to…

A:

Q: What are the frequency and percentage distribution of amino acids in the polypeptides coded by the…

A: The frequency and percentage distribution of amino acids in the polypeptides coded by the Original…

Q: On the basis of current knowledge, the protein-encoding regions account for only about 3% of the…

A: The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that: DNA makes RNA, which makes Proteins. However, a…

Q: Explain the relationship among the following terms: genomics, proteomics, gene, protein, genotype,…

A: Introduction :- Genomics is the study of an organism's entire genome, which includes genetic…

Q: As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how…

A: Introduction  Genetic code   The sequence of bases that encodes a functional protein molecule is…

Q: In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick, Barnett, Brenner, andWatts–Tobin found that either three…

A: The mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) contains an ORF (open reading frame) which is a continuous…

Q: If pET32a(+) is digested simultaneously with BamHI and BclI, 5.1.  How many fragments are created?…

A: pET-32 is a unique sequence outlined for cloning and high-standard peptide sequences expression.

Q: hat type of  mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was…

A: A Mutation happens once a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence is broken or modified in such the simplest…

Q: If pET32a(+) is digested simultaneously with BamHI and BclI, 1.How many fragments are created? 2.…

A: Cells contain nucleic acid which stores essential genetic information for the survival of the cell.…

Q: Can you briefly explain each types of mutation (difference, unique fact, etc) ? Please don’t just…

A: Mutations are the changes in the genome resulting in the synthesis of different products. These…

Q: If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human…

A: CG directly activates pDCs and B cells. The resultant immune response is characterized by the…

Q: Please dont copy here in Bartleby • Distinguish between a purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside,…

A: DNA and RNA are made up of long chains of nucleotides. The nucleic acid polymer has…

Q: The DNA of a deletion mutant of λ bacteriophage has a length of 15.4383 μm instead of 19.6356 μm.…

A: The mutation is the change in the nucleotide base pairs or in the DNA sequence which can be because…

Q: 1. Why is the specific base pairing is essential to the processes of transcription and translation?…

A: Introduction Translation:- It is the process in which a cell makes proteins using the genetic…

Q: What is the minimal number of insertions/deletions of nucleotides that would result in a frameshift…

A: A mutation happens when a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) gene is broken or modified causing the change…

Q: Could a single nucleotide deletion restore the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the…

A: Introduction: The functional unit of DNA that code for proteins are known as genes.

Q: Your advisor, a brilliant bioinformatician, has high regard for your intellect and industry. she…

A: Introduction  A genome is consists of transcriptionally active genes. These genes form mRNA as they…

Q: Identify where the base pair change occurs (what letters changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write…

A:

Q: A mutant strain of bacteria is isolated in which the amino acid glutamine is often erroneously…

A: Answer of the question given below...

Q: Is each of the following mutations a silent, missense, nonsense, orframeshift mutation? The original…

A: The mutation is a sudden, stable, and heritable change in the organism’s genome. It can occur due to…

Q: 5'-ATGTCCACTGCGGTCCTGGAAAACCCAGGC-3’ wild-type allele 3'-TACAGGTGACGCCAGGACCTTTTGGGTCCG-5’…

A: The term mutation refers to the alternations in DNA sequences. The chemicals or other substances…

Q: What is the central dogma of biology? Describe the molecular processes that accomplish the flow of…

A: Central Dogma of Biology:                   The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA which is…

Q: Replication is the first process that should occur in the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics. Why?…

A: The process of converting DNA instructions into a functioning product is known as the 'Central…

Q: What fraction of the human genome consists of transposons and retrotransposons?

A: Transposons are also known as jumping genes. Such genes are able to change the position anywhere in…

Q: Describe the normal role of the component, and choose from the selection the most direct effect of…

A: Introduction :- DNA replication is the process of Synthesis of new DNA molecule, using old DNA as…

Q: Let’s suppose a bacterialDNA molecule is given a left-handed twist. How does this affect…

A: Nucleic acids are the group of macromolecules that are long, linear carrying the genetic information…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.