Chemistry 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
1 Chemical Foundations 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity 8 Bonding: General Concepts 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Properties Of Solutions 12 Chemical Kinetics 13 Chemical Equilibrium 14 Acids And Bases 15 Acid-base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria 17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy 18 Electrochemistry 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View 20 The Representative Elements 21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 22 Organic And Biological Molecules Chapter13: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Characterize a system at chemical equilibrium with respect to each of the following a. the rates of... Problem 2RQ: What is the law of mass action? Is it true that the value of K depends on the amounts of reactants... Problem 3RQ: Consider the following reactions at some temperature: 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g)K=1.6105... Problem 4RQ: What is the difference between K and Kp? When doc K = Kp for a reaction? When does K Kp for a... Problem 5RQ: What are homogeneous equilibria? Heterogeneous equilibria? What is the difference in writing K... Problem 6RQ: Distinguish between the terms equilibrium constant and reaction quotient. When Q = K, what does this... Problem 7RQ: Summarize the steps for solving equilibrium problems (see the beginning of Section 12-6). In... Problem 8RQ: A common type of reaction we will study is that having a very small K value (K 1). Solving for... Problem 9RQ: What is Le Chteliers principle? Consider the reaction 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If this reaction is at... Problem 10RQ: The only stress (change) that also changes the value of K is a change in temperature. For an... Problem 1ALQ: Consider an equilibrium mixture of four chemicals (A, B, C, and D, all gases) reacting in a closed... Problem 2ALQ: The boxes shown below represent a set of initial conditions for the reaction: Draw a quantitative... Problem 3ALQ: For the reactionH2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g), consider two possibilities: (a) you mix 0.5 mole of each... Problem 4ALQ: Given the reactionA(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g), consider the following situations: i. You have 1.3 M A and 0.8... Problem 5ALQ: Consider the reaction A(g)+2B(g)C(g)+D(g) in a 1.0-L rigid flask. Answer the following questions for... Problem 6ALQ: Consider the reactionA(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g). A friend asks the following: I know we have been told that... Problem 7ALQ: Consider the following statements: Consider the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g),for which at equilibrium [A]... Problem 8ALQ: Le Chteliers principle is stated (Section 12-7) as follows: If a change is imposed on a system at... Problem 9ALQ: The value of the equilibrium constant K depends on which of the following (more than one answer may... Problem 10ALQ: In Section 13.1 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What... Problem 11ALQ: Explain why the development of a vapor pressure above a liquid in a closed container represents an... Problem 12Q: Consider an initial mixture of N2 and H2 gases that can be represented as follows: The gases react... Problem 13Q: Consider the following reaction: H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g) Amounts of H2O, CO, H2, and CO2 are put... Problem 14Q: Consider the same reaction as in Question 11. In one experiment 1.0 mole of H2O(g) and 1.0 mole of... Problem 15Q: Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 108. What does the magnitude of this... Problem 16Q: Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.7 108 at a particular temperature. Will there... Problem 17Q: Consider the following reaction at some temperature: H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g)K=2.0 Some molecules of... Problem 18Q: Consider the following generic reaction: 2A2B(g)2A2(g)+B2(g) Some molecules of A2B are placed in a... Problem 19Q: Explain the difference between K, Kp, and Q. Problem 20Q: Consider the following reactions: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)andH2(g)+I2(s)2HI(g) List two property... Problem 21Q: For a typical equilibrium problem, the value of K and the initial reaction conditions are given for... Problem 22Q: Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the false statement(s). a. When a reactant... Problem 23Q: Consider the reaction 2N2O(g) + O2(g) 4NO(g) Suppose the system is at equilibrium, and then an... Problem 24Q: The reaction to prepare methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen CO(g)+H2(g)CH3OH(g) is... Problem 25E: Write the equilibrium expression (K) for each of the following gas-phase reactions. a.... Problem 26E: Write the equilibrium expression (Kp) for each reaction in Exercise 21. Problem 27E: At a given temperature, K = 1.3 102 for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) Calculate values of K for... Problem 28E: For the reaction H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) Kp = 3.5 104 at 1495 K. What is the value of Kp for the... Problem 29E: For the reaction 2NO(g)+2H2(g)N2(g)+2H2O(g) it is determined that, at equilibrium at a particular... Problem 30E: At high temperatures, elemental nitrogen and oxygen react with each other to form nitrogen monoxide:... Problem 31E: At a particular temperature, a 3.0-L flask contains 2.4 moles of Cl2, l.0 mole of NOCI, and 4.5 103... Problem 32E: At a particular temperature a 2.00-L flask at equilibrium contains 2.80 104 mole of N2, 2.50 105... Problem 33E: The following equilibrium pressures at a certain temperature were observed for the reaction... Problem 34E: The following equilibrium pressures were observed at a certain temperature for the reaction... Problem 35E: At 327c, the equilibrium concentrations are [CH3OH] = 0.15 M, [CO] = 0.24 M, and [H2] = 1.1 M for... Problem 36E: At 1100 K, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) What is the value of K at this... Problem 37E: Write expressions for K and Kp for the following reactions. a. 2NH3(g)+CO2(g)N2CH4O(s)+H2O(g) b.... Problem 38E: Write expressions for Kp for the following reactions. a. 2Fe(S)+32O2(g)Fe2O3(S) b.... Problem 39E: For which reactions in Exercise 33 is Kp equal to K Problem 40E: For which reactions in Exercise 34 is Kp equal to K? Problem 41E: The formation of glucose from water and carbon dioxide is an extremely important reaction for life... Problem 42E: Consider the following reaction at a certain temperature: 4Fe(s)+3O2(g)2Fe2O3(s) An equilibrium... Problem 43E: In a study of the reaction 3Fe(s)+4H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g) at 1200 K it was observed that when the... Problem 44E: Consider the following reaction at 725C: C(s)+ CO2(g) 2CO(g) At equilibrium, a 4.50-L container has... Problem 45E: The equilibrium constant is 0.0900 at 25C for the reaction H2O(g)+Cl2O(g)2HOCl(g) For which of the... Problem 48E: Ethyl acetate is synthesized in a nonreacting solvent (not water) according to the following... Problem 49E: For the reaction 2H2O(g)2H2(g)+O2(g) K = 2.4 103 at a given temperature. At equilibrium in a 2.0-L... Problem 50E: The reaction 2NO(g)+Br2(g)2NOBr(g) has Kp = 109 at 25C. If the equilibrium partial pressure of Br2... Problem 51E: A 1.00-L flask was filled with 2.00 moles of gaseous SO2 and 2.00 moles of gaseous NO2 and heated.... Problem 52E: A sample of S8(g) is placed in an otherwise empty rigid container at 1325 K at an initial pressure... Problem 53E: At a particular temperature, 12.0 moles of SO3 is placed into a 3.0-L rigid container, and the SO3... Problem 54E: At a particular temperature, 8.0 moles of NO2 is placed into a 1.0-L container and the NO2... Problem 55E: An initial mixture of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas is reacted in a rigid container at a certain... Problem 56E: Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (H2) to form ammonia (NH3). At 200C in a closed... Problem 57E: At a particular temperature, K = 3.75 for the reaction SO2(g)+NO2(g)SO3(g)+NO(g) If all four gases... Problem 59E: At 2200C, Kp = 0.050 for the reaction N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g) What is the partial pressure of NO in... Problem 60E: At 25c, K = 0.090 for the reaction H2O(g)+Cl2O(g)2HOCI(g) Calculate the concentrations of all... Problem 61E: At 1100 K, KP = 0.25 for the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) Calculate the equilibrium partial... Problem 62E: At a particular temperature, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction N2O4(g)2NO2(g) a. A flask containing only... Problem 63E: At 35C, K = 1.6 105 for the reaction 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) Calculate the concentrations of all... Problem 64E: At o particular temperature, K = 4 .0 107 for the reaction N2O4(g)2NO2(g) In an experiment, 1.0... Problem 65E: At a particular temperature, K = 2.0 106 for the reaction 2CO22CO(g)+O2(g) If 2.0 moles of CO2 is... Problem 66E: Lexan is a plastic used to make compact discs, eyeglass lenses, and bulletproof glass. One of the... Problem 67E: At 25C, Kp. = 2.9 103 for the reaction NH4OCONH2(s)2NH3(g)+CO2(g) In an experiment carried out at... Problem 68E: A sample of solid ammonium chloride was placed in an evacuated container and then heated so that it... Problem 71E: Suppose the reaction system UO2(s)+4HF(g)UF4(g)+2H2O(g) has already reached equilibrium. Predict the... Problem 72E: Solid NH4HS decomposes by the following endothermic process: NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g) a. What... Problem 73E: For the following reactions, predict whether the mole fraction of the reactants or products... Problem 74E: Predict the shift in the equilibrium position that will occur for each of the following reactions... Problem 75E: An important reaction in the commercial production of hydrogen is CO(g)+H2O(g)H2(g)+CO2(g) How will... Problem 76E: What will happen to the number of moles of SO3 in equilibrium with SO2 and O2 in the reaction... Problem 77E: In which direction will the position of the equilibrium 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g) be shifted for each of the... Problem 78E: Hydrogen for use in ammonia production is produced by the reaction... Problem 79E: Old-fashioned smelling salts consist of ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3. The reaction for the... Problem 80E: Ammonia is produced by the Haber process, in which nitrogen and hydrogen are reacted directly using... Problem 81AE Problem 82AE: Given the following equilibrium constants at 427C,... Problem 83AE: Consider the decomposition of the compound C5H6O3 as follows: C5H6O3(g)C2H6(g)+3CO(g) When a 5.63-g... Problem 84AE: At 25C. Kp 1 1031 for the reaction a. Calculate the concentration of NO, in molecules/cm3, that can... Problem 85AE: The gas arsine, AsH3, decomposes as follows: 2AsH3(g)2As(s)+3H2(g) In an experiment at a certain... Problem 86AE: At a certain temperature, K = 9.1 10-4 for the reaction FeSCN2+(aq)Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq) Calculate the... Problem 87AE: At a certain temperature, K = 1.1 l03 for the reaction Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq)FeSCN2+(aq) Calculate the... Problem 88AE: For the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) at 600. K, the equilibrium constant, Kp, is 11.5. Suppose... Problem 89AE: At 25C, gaseous SO2Cl2 decomposes to SO2(g) and Cl2(g) to the extent that 12.5% of the original... Problem 90AE: For the following reaction at a certain temperature H2(g)+F2(g)2HF(g) it is found that the... Problem 91AE: Novelty devices for predicting rain contain cobalt(II) chloride and are based on the following... Problem 92AE: Consider the reaction Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq)FeSCN2+(aq) How will the equilibrium position shift if a.... Problem 93AE: Chromium(VI) forms two different oxyanions, the orange dichromate ion, Cr2O72 , and the yellow... Problem 94AE Problem 95AE: Suppose K = 4.5 103 at a certain temperature for the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) If it is found... Problem 96AE: For the reaction below, Kp = 1.16 at 800C. CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) If a 20.0-g sample of CaCO3 is put... Problem 97AE: Many sugars undergo a process called mutarotation, in which the sugar molecules interconvert between... Problem 98AE: Peptide decomposition is one of the key processes of digestion, where a peptide bond is broken into... Problem 99AE: Methanol, a common laboratory solvent, poses a threat of blindness or death if consumed in... Problem 100AE: At a particular temperature, K = 1.00 102 for the reaction H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) In an experiment, 1.00... Problem 102CWP: An equilibrium mixture contains 0.60 g solid carbon and the gases carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide... Problem 103CWP: At a particular temperature, 8.1 moles of NO2 gas is placed in n 3.0-L container. Over time the NO2... Problem 104CWP: A sample of solid ammonium chloride was placed in an evacuated chamber and then heated, causing it... Problem 105CWP: In a given experiment, 5.2 moles of pure NOCl was placed in an otherwise empty 2.0-L container.... Problem 106CWP: For the reactionN2O4(g)2NO2(g),Kp=0.25 at a certain temperature. If 0.040 atm of N2O4 is reacted... Problem 107CWP: Consider the following exothermic reaction at equilibrium: N2(g)+2H2(g)2NH3(g) Predict how the... Problem 108CWP: For the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium: 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) which of the following... Problem 109CP: A 1.604-g sample of methane (CH4) gas and 6.400 g oxygen gas are scaled into a 2.50-L vessel at 411C... Problem 110CP: A 4.72-g sample of methanol (CH3OH) was placed in an otherwise empty 1.00-L flask and heated to... Problem 111CP: At 35C, K = 1.6 105 for the reaction 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If 2.0 moles of NO and 1.0 mole of Cl2... Problem 112CP: Nitric oxide and bromine at initial partial pressures of 98.4 and 41.3 torr, respectively, were... Problem 113CP: At 25C. Kp = 5.3 105 for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) When a certain partial pressure of NH3(g)... Problem 114CP: Consider the reaction P4(g)2P2(g) where Kp = 1.00 101 at 1325 K. In an experiment where P4(g) is... Problem 115CP: The partial pressures of an equilibrium mixture of N2O4(g) and NO2(g) are PN2O4=0.34 atm and... Problem 116CP: At 125C, KP = 0.25 for the reaction 2NaHCO3(s)Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(g) A 1.00-L flask containing 10.0... Problem 117CP: A mixture of N2, H2, and NH3 is at equilibrium [according to the equationN2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)] as... Problem 118CP: Consider the decomposition equilibrium for dinitrogen pentoxide: 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)+O2(g) At a certain... Problem 119CP: An 8.00-g sample of SO3 was placed in an evacuated container, where it decomposed at 600C according... Problem 120CP: A sample of iron(II) sulfate was heated in an evacuated container to 920 K, where the following... Problem 121CP Problem 122CP: A sample of N2O4(g) is placed in an empty cylinder at 25c. After equilibrium is reached the total... Problem 123CP: A sample of gaseous nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) was placed in a container tiued with a frictionless,... Problem 124CP: The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction CCl4(g)C(s)+2Cl2(g) at 700C is 0.76. Determine the... Problem 125IP: For the reaction NH3(g)+H2S(g)NH4HS(s) K = 400. at 35.0C. If 2.00 moles each of NH3, H2S, and NH4HS... Problem 126IP: Given K = 3.50 at 45C for the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g) and K = 7.10 at 45C for the reaction... Problem 127IP: In a solution with carbon tetrachloride as the solvent, the compound VCl4. undergoes dimerization:... Problem 128IP: The hydrocarbon naphthalene was frequently used in mothballs until recently, when it was discovered... Problem 129MP: A gaseous material XY(g) dissociates to some extent to produce X(g) and Y(g): XY(g)X(g)+Y(g) A... Problem 11ALQ: Explain why the development of a vapor pressure above a liquid in a closed container represents an...
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Please help. Physical chemistry problem. Thank u.
Transcribed Image Text: For the equilibrium system N2O4(g) = 2 NO2(g) kept at a total pressure of 2 bar, the mol fraction of
NO:(g) was found to be 0.429.
A) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant.
B) If the total pressure in the equilibrium system is increased to10.0 bar, what is the mol fraction
of NO2(g), what is the mol fraction of NO2(g)? 0
Branch of chemistry that studies how atoms, molecules, and materials interact with each other. Physical chemistry focuses on the behavior of matter, such as solids, liquids, and gases, as they interact with other matter. The study of physical chemistry is crucial to thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and photochemistry.
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Step 2 Dalton's law of partial pressures
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